She leaves behind her husband, Frank Jordan; mother, Louise Vigue; sister, Jean Broge (Anne); and brothers, Robert and Steven Vigue (Eva). Jordan ran for a seat in the Texas House of Representatives in 1962. [22][23][24][25], The recommendations made by the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform under Jordan's leadership are frequently cited by American immigration restrictionists. Barbara J Jordan Obituary. In seconding the nomination, one of Jordans male colleagues on the other side of the chamber stood, spread his arms open, and said, What can I say? She then accepted a position at the University of Texas, Austin, where she taught at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs until her death. Yet few lawmakers in this century have left a more profound and positive impression on the nation than Barbara Jordan.17. She attended a segregated public school system and subsequently graduated from Arthur and Polly . If one citizen is unwilling to participate, all of us are going to suffer. She passed the Massachusetts bar exam but moved to Tuskegee Institute (later renamed Tuskegee University) in Alabama and taught there for one year before returning to Texas and gaining admittance to the bar there. [9] Re-elected to a full term in the Texas Senate in 1968, she served until 1972. [26][27], The U.S. National Archives described Barbara Jordan as the first LGBTQ+ woman in Congress. Barbie leaves behind a very dysfunctional family that she was very proud of. Instead, Jordan became a professor at the University of Texas in Austin as the Lyndon Johnson Chair in National Policy. In 1992, she delivered the keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention from a wheelchair because she suffered from multiple sclerosis. Securing former President Johnsons intercession with Wilbur Daigh Mills of Arkansas, the chairman of the Committee on Committees, she landed a seat on the Judiciary Committee, where she served for her three terms in the House.9 In the 94th and 95th Congresses (19751979), she was also assigned to the Committee on Government Operations.10 "Barbara Charline Jordan" in Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. If you're going to play the game properly, you'd better know every rule. Jordans talent as a speaker continued to contribute to her national profile. Barbara Charline Jordan was born in Houston, Texas, on February 21, 1936. For more information about getting involved or answering questions, please contact us. [6] In 1960, she returned to Houston and started a private law practice. [21] During Jordan's tenure as a Congresswoman, she sponsored or cosponsored over 300 bills or resolutions, several of which are still in effect today as law. Skip Ancestry . She continued to lecture widely on national affairs. Four years later, she became the first major-party Black candidate to make a bid for the U.S. presidency. Its first recipient was former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, on June 4, 2015. Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights. Jordan won, defeating a white liberal and becoming the first African-American state senator in the U.S. since 1883 as well as the first Black woman ever elected to that chamber.2 The other 30 (male, white) senators received her coolly, but Jordan quickly earned a reputation as an effective legislator who pushed through bills establishing the states first minimum wage law, anti-discrimination clauses in business contracts, and the Texas Fair Employment Practices Commission. As Jordan's health depreciated from multiple sclerosis and leukemia, later on, Earl was her main caregiver. MLA - Alexander, Kerri Lee. The commission supported increasing enforcement against undocumented migrants and their employers, eliminating visa preferences for siblings and adult children of U.S. citizens, and ending unskilled immigration except for refugees and nuclear families. [2] Her mother was left off of the original . Her father was a Baptist minister. Austin. As a member of the board, she played a pivotal role in the decision to completely make over the Foundation under new leadership in 1990, and in the early decisions that shaped the Foundations role today as a leader in health policy and communications. [citation needed], The Kaiser Family Foundation operates the Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars, a fellowship designed for people of color who are college juniors, seniors, and recent graduates as a summer experience working in a congressional office. Mendelsohn, James. House women met informally too, but Jordans attendance at those meetings was irregular, and she was noncommittal on most issues that were brought before the group. Jordan sought to improve the lives of her constituents by helping usher through the state's first law on minimum wage. [53], In the years following Jordan's passing, more African Americans would receive the honor of being buried in the Texas State Cemetery as well, including musical artists James Henry Cotton and Barbara Smith Conrad.[54]. For more information about getting involved or answering questions, please contact us. Barbara Charline Jordan: From the Ghetto to the Capital. The daughter of a Baptist minister, Jordan was encouraged by her parents to strive for academic excellence. The second best result is Barbara J Jordan age 60s in Limington, ME. Barbara Jordan Freedom Foundation c/o William B. Hilgers 301 Congress Avenue, Suite 520 Austin, Texas 78701. [42], Jordan was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1978 to 1980. An oral history interview of Barbara Jordan conducted by Roland C. Hayes on March 28, 1984. Barbara was born in Houston, Texas. Although she was very quiet about her private life, many historians suggest that her caregiver Nancy Earl, was also her life partner. The . Barbara Charline Jordan was born to Benjamin and Arlyne Jordan in Houston, Texas. She was one of the few Black students in the program. Jordan had reportedly hoped to secure the position of U.S. attorney general within Jimmy Carter's administration after he won the election, but Carter gave the post to someone else. Jordan became an excellent public speaker in high school and won a national debate contest in 1952. After attending Roberson Elementary School, Jordan attended Phyllis Wheatley High School and graduated in 1952. diss., Northwestern University, 1998. Roberts, Naurice. TOTAL # DE UNIDADES 100 . [17] This speech is thought to be one of the greatest speeches of 20th-century American history. Along with Andrew Jackson Young Jr. of Georgia, Jordan became the first African American in the twentieth century elected to Congress from the Deep South. Jordan grew up in a religious and supportive family where she was encouraged to pursue her dreams. Woodbridge, CT: Blackbirch Press, 1990. Bush and mother of President George W. Bush. Barbara Jordan is Notable. Although she acquired a reputation as an effective legislator, Jordan did not become a national figure until 1974 during the Watergate scandal, when her participation in the hearings held by the House Judiciary Committee on the impeachment of U.S. Pres. Barbara Charline Jordan was born in Houston, Texas's Fifth Ward. Barbara Charline Jordan was born in Houston, Texas, on February 21, 1936, one of three daughters of Benjamin M. Jordan and Arlyne Patten Jordan. Barbara Jordan served on the board of trustees of the Kaiser Family Foundation from 19851993. Barbara was a member of Crusaders for Christ Church. [citation needed], An elementary school in University City School District is named after her, Barbara C. Jordan Elementary in University City, Missouri. Thus, she disregarded suggestions that she accept a seat on the Education and Labor Committee and used her connection with Texan Lyndon B. Johnsonshe had been his guest at the White House during her time as a state legislatorto secure a plum committee assignment on the Judiciary Committee. Barbara Bush is the daughter of former U.S. President George W. Bush and the twin sister of author and media personality Jenna Bush Hager. She also inspired the Foundations special and now longstanding commitment to South Africa. McNair, Joseph D. Barbara Jordan: African American Politician. Arlyne Jordan and Barbara Jordan sit on the couch, and Bennie Creswell and Rose Mary McGowan stand to their right. Before long, Jordan became active in politics by campaigning for the Democratic presidential ticket of John F. Kennedy and fellow Texan Lyndon B. Johnson. [9] Despite not being a candidate, Jordan received one delegate vote (0.03%) for president at the Convention. She passed away two years later, on January 17, 1996, in Austin, Texas. Phone: 01242 386700 In 1976, Jordan, mentioned as a possible running mate to Jimmy Carter of Georgia,[9] became instead the first African-American woman to deliver a keynote address at the Democratic National Convention. By Kerri Lee Alexander, NWHM Fellow | 2018-2020. Get a complete background report of Barbara Jordan at LocatePeople with phone, address, email, criminal, court and arrest records. 5Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, Election Statistics, 1920 to Present.. 11Quotations from Jordan and Hearon, Barbara Jordan: A SelfPortrait:10-11. She was the first African-American to be elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction, the first southern black female to be elected to the United States House of Representatives, and the first African-American woman to deliver the keynote address at a Democratic National Convention. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbara-Jordan, BlackPast.org - Biography of Barbara Jordan, Barbara Jordan - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Barbara C. Jordan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Barbara Jordan at the 1976 Democratic National Convention. Barbara Jordan Square offers a combination of design, comfort and quality. Crawford, Ann Fears. Barbara Jordan's involvement with other Members of Congress is represented in the papers, as well as her involvement with the Democratic National Committee, and correspondence in reaction to her keynote speech at the 1976 Democratic Convention. "Transforming Appearance into Rhetorical Argument: Rhetorical Criticism of Public Speeches of Barbara Jordan, Lucy Parsons, and Angela Y. Filling the need for trusted information on national health issues. In 1972, she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, the first woman elected in her own right to represent Texas in the House. Jordan remained in the Texas Senate until 1972, when she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Texass 18th district. It took two more tries for her to make history. [9] She won a seat in the Texas Senate in 1966, becoming the first African-American state senator in Texas since 1883 and the first black woman to serve in that body. In 1972, her fellow lawmakers voted her in as president pro tempore of the state senate. . This time, Jordan won and became the first African American woman ever elected to that office. 14Jordan Wont Seek 4th Term, Is Undecided on Future Plans, 11 December Barbara married Unknown. Jordan, Barbara. The Life Summary of Barbara. Jordan, Barbara. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/barbara-jordan/. The firm also offers advice on Professional Negligence and other disputes relating to land and family arguments which may arise on death. I sought the power points, she once said. She then went to Boston University to get her law degree. In the general election, against Republican Paul Merritt, she won 81 percent of the vote. Once she passed her law exam called the bar, Jordan began practicing law in Houston Texas. [17] Jordan never flat out said that she wanted Nixon impeached, but rather subtly and cleverly implied her thoughts. But the 434 will know Im there.4 Jordan took the primary with 80 percent of the vote. They had one daughter: Mary Squire Clark (born Jordan). A Democrat, she was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction and the first Southern African-American woman elected to the United States House of Representatives. [33][34][9], In the KUT-FM radio documentary Rediscovering Barbara Jordan, President Bill Clinton said that he had wanted to nominate Jordan for the United States Supreme Court, but by the time he could do so, Jordan's health problems prevented him from nominating her. Barbara retired from Parkview Hospital. Barbara Jordan was born on February 1, 1960. Michael Jordan is a former American basketball player who led the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships and won the Most Valuable Player Award five times. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! 1984, Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, TX, https://www.lbjlibrary.net/assets/documents/archives/oral_histories/jordan_b/Jordan-b.PDF. [19] She simply stated facts that proved Nixon to be untrustworthy and heavily involved in illegal situations,[19] and quoted the drafters of the Constitution to argue that actions like Nixon's during the scandal corresponded with their understanding of impeachable offenses. In 1952, she was appointed as an honor student and graduated from Phillis Wheatley High School. Barbara Jordan was educated in the Houston public schools and graduated from Phyllis Wheatley High School in 1952. She Barbara Jordan, in full Barbara Charline Jordan, (born February 21, 1936, Houston, Texas, U.S.died January 17, 1996, Austin, Texas), American lawyer, educator, and politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1973-79), representing Texas. [15], In November 1977, Barbara Jordan spoke at the 1977 National Women's Conference. In this lesson, students will experience the tragedy of the commons through a team activity in which they compete for resources. Barbara Charline Jordan was born in Houston, Texas, on February 21, 1936, one of three daughters of Benjamin M. Jordan and Arlyne Patten Jordan. The youngest of three sisters, Barbara Charline Jordan was born on Feb. 21, 1936, into the poverty of Houston's Fourth Ward. is one additional bit of evidence that the American dream need not forever be deferred." Barbara Jordan Barbara Was An Affective Campaigner For The 1960 Presidental Election, And This Experience Propelled Her Into The Polictical Arena. Opens in a new window. She was the first African-American female to serve as president pro tempore of the state senate and served one day, June 10, 1972, as acting governor of Texas. "There was simply something about her that made you proud to be a part of the country that produced her," said former Texas governor Ann Richards in remembrance of her colleague. ___. Speaking the Truth With Eloquent Thunder. A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement and was the first American woman to wina Nobel Peace Prize. SARAH LONG: Barbara Charline Jordan was born in the southern city of Houston, Texas in nineteen thirty-six. However, she lost again so in 1966 she decided to run for the Texas Senate instead. Black is beautiful.3 One of Jordans responsibilities as president pro tempore was to serve as acting governor when the governor and lieutenant governor were out of the state. She became the Lyndon B. Johnson Centennial Chair of Public Policy in 1982. St. Paul: EMC Corp., 1978. He taught. The family would like to thank the doctors and nurses for the good care Barbara received. Barbara Jordan: The Great Lady From Texas. She would later cite a speech she had heard as a child that encouraged her to become a lawyer. Jordan's eldest sister joined Texas officials this week to honor the first Black woman to be elected state senator an orator and a trailblazer for racial equality. Jordan stood as a moral compass during this time of crisis, calling for the impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon for his involvement in this illegal political enterprise. They had one son: Archibald Jordan. Yvonne B. Miller, her accomplishments, and leadership attributes, so they can apply persuasive techniques to amplify her accomplishments, leadership attributes, as well as those in leadership roles in their community. The papers document the political and professional career of Barbara Jordan and are divided into State Senate Papers, U.S. House of Representatives Papers, and Personal Papers. Barbara Jordan Solicitor/Director Barbara set up Jordans Solicitors three years ago and the firm has gone from strength to strength. She had a constituent who once heard her on the radio and said it was like listening to the voice of God. Her speech at the 1976 Democratic National Convention is considered by many historians to be the best keynote speech in modern history. [1] She was honored many times and was given over 20 honorary degrees from institutions across the country, including Harvard and Princeton, and was elected to the Texas and National Women's Halls of Fame. Holmes, Barbara Ann. . [6][7] At Texas Southern University, she pledged Delta Gamma chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. During her time as senator she worked to establish a minimum wage law, antidiscrimination statements in business contracts, and a Fair Employment Practices Commission. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Barbara Jordan Conference Center in Washington, D.C., is our tribute to the indelible mark that she left on the Foundations people and mission. Just a politician, a professional politician.7 She was the elected to the U.S Congress and served from 1973 to 1979. . She was the first African American state senator since 1883, and the first black woman to serve in that body. [6] She attended Boston University School of Law, graduating in 1959. Apartamentos sin ascensor. 108, No. Barbara K. Jordan MADISON - Barbara K. Jordan, age 79, passed away on Saturday, November 26, 2022, at UW Hospital in Madison. [38] She was the first African American to receive this honor, and previously advocated African Americans to be buried in the state cemetery when she served in the Texas State Senate. No landmark legislation bears her name. She graduated from Texas Southern University in 1956 and from Boston University Law School in 1959, and then returned to Houston to open her own law practice. Familiar. There's an on-site pharmacy, too. One of her first moves in Congress was to establish relationships with Members of the Texas delegation, which had strong institutional connections. Known for her outspoken leadership, Barbara J. Jordan was born in New York City but grew up in South Miami-Dade, where she learned the value of hard work, sometimes working in the bean fields with her family. (January 18, 2023), Office of the HistorianOffice of Art and Archives Jordan received nearly two dozen honorary degrees and, in 1990, was named to the National Womens Hall of Fame in Seneca, New York. Barbara Jordan. Jordan became the first African American woman to hold this post. She went to great lengths to fit in and sought advice on committee assignments. Her father was Baptist Minister named Benjamin Jordan. History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, JORDAN, Barbara Charline, https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/J/JORDAN,-Barbara-Charline-(J000266)/ Her health had declined by this point, and she had to give her address from her wheelchair. It takes a lot of energy, dedication and bullet-proofing yourself to be: the first African-American since Reconstruction to be elected to the Texas Rogers, Mary Beth. Ph.D. Jordan was an effective campaigner for the Democrats during the 1960 presidential election, and this experience propelled her into politics. Physical Description 1 photograph : b&w ; 5 x 7 in. On March 28, 1972, Jordans peers elected her president pro tempore of the Texas senate, making her the first Black woman in America to preside over a legislative body. When Jordan filled that largely ceremonial role on June 10, 1972, she became the first Black chief executive in the nation. She never married and carefully guarded her private life.15 Although she voted for busing to enforce racial desegregation in public schools, she was one of the few African-American Members of Congress to question the utility of the policy.12 Barbara is an accredited member of Resolution and The Law Society Family Law Panel and is also a member of the Professional Negligence Lawyers Association. Her father was a Baptist preacher and her moth was a teacher in the chuch. Advancing in her career, Jordan won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1972. Barbara Jordan, in full Barbara Charline Jordan, (born February 21, 1936, Houston, Texas, U.S.died January 17, 1996, Austin, Texas), American lawyer, educator, and politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (197379), representing Texas. Barbara Jordan was a lawyer and educator who was a congresswoman from 1972 to 1978 the first African American congresswoman to come from the deep South and the first woman ever elected to the Texas Senate (1966). New York: Franklin Watts, 1998. Barbara married Unknown. 2023 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Barbara Jordan died on January 17, 1996; she was just 59 years old. The New York Times, January 18, 1996. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/18/us/barbara-jordan-dies-at-59-her-voice-stirred-the-nation.html. "I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction of the Constitution," she said in a nationally televised speech during the proceedings. Seen here in mid-speech, standing at a podium in doctoral regalia. Through her mother, Jordan was the great-granddaughter of Edward Patton, who was one of the last African American members of the Texas House of Representatives prior to disenfranchisement of Black Texans under Jim Crow. [18] Throughout her speech, Jordan strongly stood by the Constitution of the United States. Jordan soon turned her attention toward educating future generations of politicians and public officials, accepting a professorship at the University of Texas at Austin. Arlyne Jordan was an accomplished public speaker. "Barbara Charline Jordan" in Women in Congress, 1917-2006. Houston: D. Armstrong, 1977. The 75236 location in Dallas is an ideal place for residents. [2] Jordan is known for her eloquent opening statement[3] at the House Judiciary Committee hearings during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon. [citation needed], A boulevard in central Austin is named after Jordan. Her mother was a public speaker and her father was the pastor of Good Hope Missionary Baptist Church. She was the youngest daughter of Benjamin Jordan and Arlyne Patten. There is also a park named after Jordan in Needville, Texas (The Barbara Jordan Park). Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. Prepared under the direction of the Committee on House Administration by the Office of History & Preservation, U.S. House of Representatives. Jordan quickly became a prominent voice on the Judiciary Committee. Facts about Barbara Jordan 4: education The young Jordan was educated at Roberson Elementary School. When Barbara Jordan was born about 1771, in Nelson, Kentucky, United States, her father, John Jordan, was 26 and her mother, Ann, was 22. In 1962, Jordan launched her first bid for public office, seeking a spot in the Texas legislature. Her mother was a domestic worker named Arlyne Jordan. Two years later, President Bill Clinton selected her to lead the Commission on Immigration Reform. Her mother was Arlyne Patten Jordan, a teacher in the church, [1] [6] and her father was Benjamin Jordan, a Baptist preacher. [48], In 2011, the Barbara Jordan Forever Stamp was issued. [47], On April 24, 2009, a statue of Barbara Jordan was unveiled at the University of Texas at Austin, where Jordan taught at the time of her death. Barbara Jean Jordan was born on May 15, 1941, in Paulding, Ohio to Earl and Alice Cain. Barbara Jordan was born in Houston Texas's Fifth Ward. At Texas Southern University, Jordan was a national champion debater, defeating opponents from Yale and Brown, and tying Harvard University. While the world watched during the Impeachment hearings of President Richard Nixon, Barbara Jordan boldly took center stage. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, among numerous other honors. Barbara Jordan loved her family, her loved ones, her friends, her allies, her teachers. Barbara Jordan, Congresswoman. Barbara departed this life on August 29, 2022, at the age of 81. Aghahowa, Brenda Eatman. Show More Show Less 5 of 26 Texas State Senator Barbara Jordan, center . I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction of the Constitution. She then explained the reasoning behind her support of each of the five articles of impeachment against President Nixon. Here's what. [6][7], Jordan taught political science at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for a year. She married Joseph Wade on 2 June 1789, in Nelson, Kentucky, United States. In 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed Jordan to head up the Commission on Immigration Reform. In 1994, President Bill Clinton presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a civilian. As a lawyer, a congresswoman, and a scholar, Jordan used her public speaking skills to fight for civil and human rights. The organization mobilized gay and lesbian African Americans to aid in the passage of marriage equality in the state of California. COMMISSIONER BARBARA JORDAN, DISTRICT 1. Winning by 81 percent, she became the first African American in the 20, Janet Yellen: The Progress of Women and Minorities in the Field of Economics, Elinor Lin Ostrom, Nobel Prize Economist, Lessons in Leadership: The Honorable Yvonne B. Miller, Stacey Abrams: Changing the Trajectory of Protecting Peoples Voices and Votes, Chronicles of American Women: Your History Makers, Women Writing History: A Coronavirus Journaling Project, We Who Believe in Freedom: Black Feminist DC, Learning Resources on Women's Political Participation. Barbara Jordan ( (February 21, 1936 - January 17, 1996) was born into Houston, Texas Fifth Ward, a poverty-stricken area primarily black since the 1880s. Omissions? Place of Burial: Austin, TX. In that same year, she also served briefly as acting Governor of Texas. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 4 daughters. Civil rights and womens rights activists sometimes criticized her when she chose to favor her community interests rather than theirs. Richard M. Nixon was televised nationwide. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Barbara Jordan. [1], On July 25, 1974, Jordan delivered a 15-minute televised speech in front of the members of the U.S. House Judiciary Committee. She introduced civil rights amendments to legislation authorizing law enforcement assistance grants and joined seven other members on the Judiciary Committee in opposing Gerald R. Fords nomination as Vice President, citing a mediocre civil rights record. The commission recommended that the United States reduce the number of refugees admitted annually to a floor of 50,000 (this level would be lifted during emergencies). [6], Jordan campaigned unsuccessfully in 1962 and 1964 for the Texas House of Representatives. In 1962 and 1964 she was an unsuccessful candidate for the Texas House of Representatives, but she was elected in 1966 to the Texas Senate, the first African American member since 1883 and the first woman ever elected to that legislative body. Fenno, Richard F. Going Home: Black Representatives and Their Constituents. To supplement her income (she worked temporarily out of her parents home), Jordan was employed as an administrative assistant to a county judge.1 [20] She protested that the Watergate scandal will forever ruin the trust American citizens have for their government. About Barbara Jordan. December 18, 2013. https://www.kff.org/about-barbara-jordan/. Winning by 81 percent, she became the first African American in the 20th century to be elected to Congress from the South. [17] She presented an opening speech during the hearings that were part of the impeachment process against Richard Nixon. "Barbara Jordan." Barbara Jordan. Jordan graduated magna cum laude from Texas Southern University in 1956 and from Boston University Law School in 1959. She grew up in a poor Black neighborhood in Houston, Texas. M.A. Barbara Jordan was a renowned politician, attorney, and educator who broke through the color barrier by becoming the first African American woman to be elected to the Texas Senate. | National Review", "Congresswoman Barbara Jordan broke down barriers for Black Texans, women", "LGBT History Month Icon Of The Day: Barbara Jordan", "Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century by Rank", "Barbara Jordan Statement on House Judiciary Proceedings to Impeach President Richard Nixon", "George Foster Peabody Awards Board Members", THEATER REVIEW; She Had a Voice That Resonates Still, "Jordan's statue to grace UT campus: Dedication of Barbara Jordan statue on Friday will include a weeklong celebration", "Stamp honors political trailblazer Barbara Jordan", "Barbara Jordan Media Awards Office of the Texas Governor Greg Abbott", "Developer has mega mixed-use plans for defunct downtown post office, call it Post HTX", "Texas History: The Texas State Cemetery shapes its identity for 21st century", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Jordan's Statement on the Articles of Impeachment During the Nixon Impeachment Hearings in Text and Audio, Jordan's 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address in Text and Audio, Jordan's 1992 Democratic National Convention Address Transcript, Barbara Jordan, Governor of Texas for a day, Oral History Interviews with Barbara Jordan, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, The Texas Experience Barbara Jordan Presents Lyndon Baines Johnson, Special Collections, Texas Southern University, This American Life: Before Things Went to Hell, Act One, January 13, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Jordan&oldid=1131171830, 1995: The second ever female awardee of the, This page was last edited on 2 January 2023, at 22:24. Ph.D. Kirk, Rita G. "Barbara Jordan: The Rise of a Black Woman Politician." 16Frances X. Clines, Barbara Jordan Dies at 59; Her Voice Stirred the Nation, In 1966, Jordan finally won a seat in the Texas legislature, becoming the first Black woman to do so. The daughter of a Baptist minister,. Contact Barbara on barbara@jordans.legal 01242 386700 Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [17], Jordan supported the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, legislation that required banks to lend and make services available to underserved poor and minority communities. Canas, Kathryn Anne. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2007. Jordan has tended to keep his family out of the spotlight despite his own public profile. The next year, Jordan decided not to run for re-election to Congress. The U.S. Representative papers contain records on constituents, legislation, committees, office administration, and campaigns. In 1976, she became the first African-American, and the first woman, to ever deliver a keynote address at a Democratic National Convention. That same year, she was admitted to the Massachusetts and Texas bars, and she began to practice law in Houston in 1960. Davis." 1998. Barbara Jordan: American hero. 10Garrison Nelson et al., Committees in the U.S. Congress, 19471992 She was inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame in 1984. In 1978, downplaying reports about her poor health, Jordan declined to run for what would have been certain re-election to a fourth term, citing her internal compass, which she said was pointing her away from demands that are all consuming.14 She also said she wanted to work more directly on behalf of her fellow Texans. 1977, Washington Post: 2; Miss Jordan Bars 4th House Term, 11 December Also, she was the first African American state senator in United States since 1883. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. He also honored her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom that same year. Barbara Jordan Square Family Homes. A Private Woman in Public Spaces: Barbara Jordan's Speeches on Ethics, Public Religion, and Law. Her attention to influence inside the House was demonstrated by where she sat in the House Chambers large, theater-style seating arrangement. United States House of Representatives: History, Art, & Archives, Origins & Development: From the Constitution to the Modern House, Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations, Presidents, Vice Presidents, & Coinciding Sessions of Congress, Individuals Who Have Lain in State or Honor, Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed the U.S. Congress, Calendars of the House of Representatives, Search Historical Highlights of the House, Chief Administrative Officers of the House, John W. McCormack Annual Award of Excellence to Congressional Employees, House Members Who Became U.S. Supreme Court Justices, House Members Who Received Electoral College Votes, Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, Jeannette Rankins Historic Election: A Century of Women in Congress, Joseph H. Rainey: 150 Years of Black Americans Elected to Congress, Campaign Collectibles: Running for Congress, Electronic Technology in the House of Representatives, Portraits in the House of Representatives, On Display: Exhibitions from the House Collection, The Peoples House: A Guide to Its History, Spaces, and Traditions, An Annual Outing: The Congressional Baseball Game, Florence Kahn: Congressional Widow to Trailblazing Lawmaker, Mace of the U.S. House of Represen- tatives, The Long Struggle for Representation: Oral Histories of African Americans in Congress, National History Day 2023: Frontiers in History, Time for a Tour: Visiting the Peoples House, Researching the House: Other Primary Sources, https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/J/JORDAN,-Barbara-Charline-(J000266)/. Horwitz, Linda Diane. In the House, Jordan advocated legislation to improve the lives of minorities, the poor, and the disenfranchised and sponsored bills that expanded workers compensation and strengthened the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to cover Mexican Americans in the Southwest. In 1962 and 1964, Jordan ran for the Texas house of representatives but lost both times, so in 1966 she ran for the Texas senate when court-enforced redistricting created a constituency that consisted largely of minority voters. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). President Clinton said, "Barbara always stirred our national conscience.". In 1999, the Foundation created the Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars Program in order to honor her and expand the potential pool of young leaders of color interested in the field of health policy and public service, a purpose we are sure Barbara would have applauded. Barbara Jordan struggled for many years with leukemia and multiple sclerosis. She eventually helped manage a highly organized get-out-the-vote program that served Houstons 40 African-American precincts. She told the crowd, "My presence here . Starting in 1975, she served three terms on the Judiciary Committee. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2006. [4][5] Jordan is also known for her work as chair of the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. Chanhassen, MN: Child's World, 2001. First African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction, as well as the first Southern black female elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1973. [6] She graduated from Phillis Wheatley High School in 1952 with honors. [52], The former sorting facility in downtown Houston was renamed the Barbara Jordan Post Office. Jordan returned to Texas after earning her degree and set up her law practice. Well never share your email with anyone else, In 1962, Jordan began her political career and ran for the Texas House of Representatives. The commission recommended that total immigration be cut by one-third to approximately 550,000 per year. I never intended to become a run-of-the-mill person. In news reports across the country, her 15-minute statement at the Watergate hearings was part of the lede of her obituary.. [36], Jordan died at the age of 59 of complications from pneumonia on January 17, 1996, in Austin, Texas. Jordan was appointed the Lyndon Johnson Chair in National Policy at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas in Austin, where she taught until the early 1990s. BACK TO. During his term, President Carter interviewed Jordan for the Cabinet position of U.S. Attorney General, but he did not offer her the position. She grew up in a poor Black neighborhood in Houston, Texas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. She served as a special counsel on ethics for Texas Governor Ann Richards in 1991. Gregory was born circa 1831, in Stoke Climsland, Cornwall, England. In 1974, she made an influential televised speech before the House Judiciary Committee supporting the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, Johnson's successor as president. Jordan continued her political career and began heavily campaigning for Democratic presidential candidate James Earl (Jimmy) Carter. For many, Barbara Jordan was the definition of an eloquent woman. In a perfect storm of unlikely circumstances, Barbara Jordan, a junior congresswoman from Houston, Texas, who grew up in segregation, landed a primetime spot . She also authored an act that ended federal authorization of price fixing by manufacturers. Biography, 1993 (New York: H.W. Her mother was Arlyne Patten Jordan, a teacher in the church,[1][6] and her father was Benjamin Jordan, a Baptist preacher. Edited by Max Sherman. This special edition coincided with the 16th Annual Barbara Jordan Forum Feb. 21-24, a week of student-led activities at the LBJ School that focus on policy areas championed by Jordan. She attended Houston's segregated public schools and graduated magna. thesis, University of Arkansas, 1978. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. https://www.biography.com/law-figure/barbara-jordan. Other speakers included Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Lady Bird Johnson, Bella Abzug, Audrey Colom, Claire Randall, Gerridee Wheeler, Cecilia Burciaga, Gloria Steinem, Lenore Hershey and Jean O'Leary.[16]. Associated With President Bill Clinton wished to nominate her for the United States Supreme Court, however her ailing health deterred him from doing so. Barbara Jordan was born on February 21, 1936 in Houston, Texas, USA as Barbara Charline Jordan. Former first lady Barbara Bush was the wife of President George H.W. American country singer Barbara Mandrell scored No. Did you know? [46] Titled, Voice of Good Hope, Kristine Thatcher's biographical evocation of Jordan's life played in theaters from San Francisco to New York. 4700 Country Creek Dallas, TX 75236. There is nothing easy about that mission, but it is not Mission Impossible. Her father, Benjamin Jordan, was a Baptist minister and warehouse clerk. Announcing that she wouldn't seek reelection, Jordan finished up her final term in 1979. JORDAN, Barbara Charline. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16031. The airport also features a statue of Jordan by artist Bruce Wolfe. Jeffrey, Laura S. Barbara Jordan: Congresswoman, Lawyer, Educator. 3 of 26 4 of 26 Barbara Jordan, left, and First Lady Lady Bird Johnson speaking during Family Circle Magazine interview. She taught in the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University until the early 1990s. She was perhaps best known for as one of Americas greatest orators. 4700 Country Creek Dallas, TX 75236 214-330-8421 VIEW IN GOOGLE MAPS. In 1992 she again gave the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention. Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights, Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars Program. She was the first African American congresswoman to come from the South. Also, she was the first African American state senator in United States since 1883. Representative Jordans political philosophy from her days in the state legislature led her to focus on local issues. National Women's Hall of Fame. Houston, TX: Halcyon Press, 2003. Though Carter later interviewed Jordan for a Cabinet position, he did not offer her the position of U.S. Attorney General, the one post she said she would accept. Contact us or stop by today. Research genealogy for Betty Barbara Jean Jordan of Devonport, Devonshire, as well as other members of the Jordan family, on Ancestry. The commission's report to Congress said that it was "a right and responsibility of a democratic society to manage immigration so that it serves the national interest", concluded that "legal immigration has strengthened and can continue to strengthen this country" and "decrie[d] hostility and discrimination against immigrants as antithetical to the traditions and interests of the country." Barbara Jordans political turning point occurred when she worked on the John F. Kennedy presidential campaign in 1960. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2000. Single Family Dwelling Unit; Length of Residence: 15+ years; Median Home Value: $1,596,000; Median Household Income: $445,000; Vehicle: 2004 . Jordan died in Austin, Texas, on January 17, 1996, from pneumonia that was a complication of leukemia.16 Newspapers across the country published extensive obituaries that celebrated her oratory, her defense of the Constitution, and the role she played in inspiring generations of minority women in politics. . She was elected president of the Texas Senate on March 28, 1972, making her the first black woman in America to oversee a legislative body. January 17, 1996. Despite her absence from Washington, D.C., she remained influential in political affairs. Barbara Stanwyck was an American actress who had a 60-year career in film and television, best known for her strong female roles in films, such as Double Indemnity. Johnson, Linda Carlson. Barbara Jordan emerged as an eloquent and powerful interpreter of the Watergate impeachment investigation at a time when many Americans despaired about the Constitution and the country. Family Life She was born the youngest of three to parents Benjamin Jordan and Arlyne Jordan. Jordans success in Texas politics came from her knowledge of and adherence to the rules of the political process. Barbara Jordan: Breaking The Barriers. In her speech, she stated her reasons for supporting President Nixons impeachment and her faith in the Constitution. ", "Was Barbara Jordan a 'White Nationalist'? She was especially careful not to attach herself too closely to an agenda she had little control over that might impinge on her ability to navigate and compromise within the institutional power structure. She was the youngest of three daughters. She did not receive a warm welcome from her new colleagues initially, but she eventually won some of them over. Americas mission was, and still is, to take diversity and mold it into a cohesive and coherent whole that would espouse virtues and values essential to the maintenance of civil order. Barbara Charline Jordan was born on February 21, 1936, in Houston, Texas. Barbara Jordan was a U.S. congressional representative from Texas and was the first African American congresswoman to come from the Deep South. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. She enjoyed spending time with family during holidays, weddings, and planning family vacation to the shore (Wildwood, NJ). Barbara married Gregory Manuel Jordan on month day 1873, at age 29 at marriage place. Texas congresswoman Barbara Jordan's. She left Congress after only three terms, a mere six years, the editors of the New York Times wrote. A groundbreaking African American politician, Barbara Jordan worked hard to achieve her dreams. [1] In 1940, her family was living in a house owned by her paternal grandfather, Charles Jordan, at 4505 Sharon Street in Houston, Texas. The success of Barbara Jordan is testament to the achievement that is possible when supported by one's family and community even when the social atmosphere in . In 1962, Jordan began her political career and ran for the Texas House of Representatives. Background, Family Father: Ben Jordan (Baptist minister, laborer) Mother: Arlyne (church activist) Education Phillis Wheatley High School (1952) Texas Southern University (magna cum laude) From amenities to floorplan options, the leasing team is ready to help match you with the perfect fit. She loved Texas. After participating in the Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign of 1960, she decided to run for the Texas Legislature and won a seat in the state senate in 1966. . [citation needed], In 2000, the Jordan/Rustin Coalition (JRC) was created,[45] honoring Jordan and Bayard Rustin, a leader in the civil rights movement and close confidante of Martin Luther King Jr. Let each person do his or her part. Barbara is related to Cynthia W Jordan and Derik R Jordan as well as 3 additional people. Other records include personal correspondence, press/media files, appointment logs, schedules, invitations, arrangements, job recommendations, and appointments to political offices. Kelin, Norman, and Sabra-Anne Kelin. [2] Jordan's childhood was centered on church life. Context [14] In 1975, she was appointed by Carl Albert, then Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, to the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee. She earned a BA from Texas Southern University in 1956 and a law degree from Boston University in 1959. As a high school student, she became a skilled public speaker, winning a national debate contest in 1952. She received extensive support from former President Lyndon B. Johnson, who helped her secure a position on the House Judiciary Committee. A Mass of Christian Burial will take place at 11:00 a.m. on Friday, D Quotes She attended Texas Southern University in Houston, becoming a member of the debate team that tied Harvard University in a debateone of her proudest college moments. Some thought that she might have gone farther in her political career, but it was later revealed that Jordan had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis around this time. The Barbara Jordan Family Collection highlights the life and legacy of Jordan's personal life and political career.. Barbara Charline Jordan (1936-1996) a lawyer, politician, and an educator, was the first African American to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas and the first African American woman from the South to be elected to Congress. Jordan Peele is an actor, director and writer known for his work on Comedy Central's 'Key & Peele' and his blockbuster hit horror film 'Get Out.'. Please share Barbara's obituary if available, or write one in your own words to preserve her memory. Barbara Jordan: Getting Things Done. diss., Vanderbilt University, 1998. In both her Texas legislative career and in the U.S. House, Jordan made the conscious decision to pursue power within the established system. In 1972, she was elected to the United States House of Representatives and became the first black woman from a southern state to serve in that body. Ph.D. Southern Speech Communication Journal 44 (Spring 1979): 223-32. We are located at 9400 Rainbow Drive (432) 456-1299 ~ fax (432) 456-1298 Office Hours 7:15 AM- 4:30 PM School Hours: 7:40am - 3:20pm Principal: William Iker Assistant Principal: Alexandria Salazar Assistant Principal: Lola Brooks Counselor: Paige Slater Secretary: Isela Samaniego Aretha Louise Franklin was born on March 25, 1942, to Barbara (ne Siggers) and Clarence LaVaughn "C. L." Franklin.She was delivered at her family's home located at 406 Lucy Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee.Her father was a Baptist minister and circuit preacher originally from Shelby, Mississippi, while her mother was an accomplished piano player and vocalist. As one of the first African Americans elected from the Deep South since 1898 and the first Black Congresswoman ever from that region, Jordan lent added weight to her message by her very presence on the House Judiciary Committee. She followed this pattern in the House. 1 hits with "Sleeping Single in a Double Bed" and "Years.". Chicago - Alexander, Kerri Lee. Barbara Jordan Funeral | C-SPAN.org January 20, 1996 Barbara Jordan Funeral President bill Clinton, state and federal officials, family members, friends and others gathered to honor and. Jordan died of pneumonia, a complication of her battle with leukemia. In 1977, Carter won the presidential election against President Gerald Ford. Green, Robert L. Barbara Jordan: Daring Black Leader. . Jordan attended Roberson Elementary School. on Nixon, 18 January 1996, Washington Post: A1. Barbara was born on April 14, 1938 in Wilmington DE, the youngest child of the late Joseph E Jordan and Mary Emma (Pierson) Jordan. (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1994): 473. Appearing after a subdued speech by Ohio Senator John Herschel Glenn Jr., Jordan energized the convention with her oratory. In 1988 and 1992, she delivered speeches at the Democratic National Convention. On January 17, 1996, Barbara Jordan died from pneumonia, a complication of leukemia. While life in Boston was still skewed to favor whites, there were no delineations of places for "white only" and "colored." Barbara began to see what life should hold . She passed away on January 17, 1996, and is buried in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. 2 (October 2004): 210-31. Jordan, Barbara, and Shelby Hearon. [49], In 2012, Jordan was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people. Although she lost the race, she ran again in 1964. Barbara Jordan (1936-1996) was a Civil Rights leader and was the first African-American woman elected to the Texas Senate, in 1966. Testimony before the House Judiciary Committee, July 25, 1974. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Graveside services will be held on Saturday, June 12, at 11:30 a.m. at Pine Grove Cemetery in Poland. As one of few women and Asian musicians in the jazz world, Akiyoshi infused Japanese culture, sounds, and instruments into her music. [39] Jordan's grave rests near that of the "Father of Texas" Stephen F. The daughter of Arlyne and Benjamin Jordan, Barbara was the youngest of three children. Select this result to view Barbara C Jordan's phone number, address, and more. Early on in her academic career she . In 1994 President William J. [Barbara Jordan and Family] Description Photograph of the women of the Jordan family. Barbara Jordan. Barbara Was The Yougest Of All 3 Daughters In A Dose-Knit Family. [19] This powerful and influential statement earned Jordan national praise for her rhetoric, morals, and wisdom. One person even posted a message on a series of billboards in Houston: Thank you, Barbara Jordan, for explaining the Constitution to us.11 The Watergate impeachment hearings helped create Jordans reputation as a respected national politician. Academically brilliant, she attained her formal education from Roberson Elementary School after which she attended the Phillis Wheatley High School. While in Washington, D.C. as a congresswoman, Jordan served on various committees. In that year also she published Barbara Jordan, a Self-Portrait. She was born the youngest of three to parents Benjamin Jordan and Arlyne Jordan. A transcript of the interview is available in the library and online. After attending Roberson Elementary School, Jordan attended Phyllis Wheatley High School and graduated in 1952. Haskins, James. Barbara Jordan rose to the national stage from Houston's largely African-American Fifth Ward, becoming a public defender of the U.S. Constitution and a leading presence in Democratic Party politics for two decades. She loved to bake. The Jordan family's pride in Barbara's acceptance made the financial sacrifice of sending her north a little easier. It was as a freshman Member of the Judiciary Committee, however, that Jordan earned national recognition. 1977, New York Times: 26. Ann Richards and also was chairman for the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. Springfield, N. J.: Enslow Publishers, 1997. Corrections? 3Richard Fenno, Going Home: Black Representatives and Their Constituents (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003): 106109. Growing up in an era of segregation, Barbara could only attend . Barbara was born in Grand Bay, Alabama in 1936, the eldest of 6. Students will analyze different perspectives of Stacey Abramss candidacy for Georgias Governor to learn about civic responsibility. Queen Noor of Jordan, who was the consort of King Hussein, was trained as an urban planner and works as a philanthropist and world activist. 12Current Biography, 1993: 291. Make a life-giving gesture She died in 1996, survived by her long-time companion, Nancy Earl. VER PERFIL. She served as a member of the House Judiciary Committee, and she rose to national prominence for her televised speech before the committees hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in support of constitutional principles. "Barbara Jordan, Shirley Chisholm, and Lani Guinier: Crafting Identification Through the Rhetorical Interbraiding of Value." And how she loved our beloved country. Barbara JordanFebruary 21, 1936 - January 17, 1996. Date accessed. During her time as senator she worked to establish a minimum wage law, antidiscrimination statements in business contracts, and a Fair Employment Practices Commission. She was the youngest of three daughters in a close-knit family. That same year, she began working on the John F. Kennedy presidential campaign. In 1993, she was the first recipient of the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights, given by the Kaiser Family Foundation. Her own legislative work focused on the environment, antidiscrimination clauses in state business contracts, and urban legislation, the last being a political challenge in a state dominated by rural interests. ", "WFAA Academy: Houston's Barbara Jordan became the first black woman elected into the Texas State Senate", "Our Campaigns US President D Convention Race Jul 12, 1976", 1977 National Women's Conference: A Question of Choices, "Mr. Newman's Digital Rhetorical Symposium: Barbara Jordan: Statement on the Articles of Impeachment, "Statement on the Articles of Impeachment", "A statement by Representative Barbara Jordan on May 18, 1978, requesting an extension of the 1979 deadline for ERA ratification", "Dems Weren't Always Pro-immigration Just Ask The Jordan Commission", "Trump's Misuse of Barbara Jordan's Legacy on Immigration The Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS)", "Clinton Embraces a Proposal To Cut Immigration by a Third", "Why does a NumbersUSA ad include a clip from 1995? The effort was originally spearheaded by the 20022003 Tappee class of the Texas Orange Jackets, the "oldest women's organization at the University" (of Texas at Austin). Barbara Jordan served on the board of trustees of the Kaiser Family Foundation from 1985-1993. National Women's History Museum, 2019. 1Barbara Jordan and Shelby Hearon, Barbara Jordan: A Self-Portrait, 7 At the 1976 Democratic National Convention, Jordan once again captured the public's attention with her keynote address. Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Ph.D. [6] She graduated magna cum laude in 1956. Barbara Jordan, February 21, 1936 - January 17, 1996. In 1973, Jordan began to suffer from multiple sclerosis. [13], From 1994 until her death, Jordan chaired the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. Prepared under the direction of the Committee on House Administration by the Office of History & Preservation, U.S. House of Representatives. As the committee began the impeachment process against President Richard M. Nixon, Jordan gave the opening remarks. Barbara Jordan: Keeping Faith. Barbara was born on February 21, 1936 in Harris County, Texas. She also leaves behind her children, Max Levis (Amanda),. For the American idea, though it is shared by all of us, is realized in each one of us. Her father Benjamin was a Baptist preacher, and her mother Arlyne was active in the church as a women's leader and teacher. [51], The Barbara Jordan Public-Private Leadership Award is presented by Texas Southern University's School of Public Affairs and School of Law. Barbara Jordan had a lot of firsts in her career and life. Her mother was a public speaker and her father was the pastor of Good Hope Missionary Baptist Church. [28] Jordan's partner of approximately twenty years was Nancy Earl,[29] an educational psychologist who met Jordan on a camping trip in the late 1960s. In 1966, Barbara Jordan became the first black person since Reconstruction to be elected to the Texas State Senate and also the first woman to serve in that position. Jordan attended the segregated Phyllis Wheatley High School, where a career day speech by Edith Sampson, a black lawyer, inspired . She was again a keynote speaker at the Democratic National Convention in 1992. [1][6][7], Jordan credited a speech she heard in her high school years by Edith S. Sampson with inspiring her to become an attorney. This time, Jordan won and became the first African American woman ever elected to that office. Found 24 records for Barbara Jordan in Illinois. She was unsuccessful, and failed again in 1964, but her perseverance eventually paid off. Cemetery Name: Texas State Cemetery. The Texas State Senate papers document Barbara Jordan's campaign activities, bills passed in the State Senate, her Governor for a Day Honor, documents relating to her involvement with the Democratic National Convention, and documents relating to the Prairie View Voting Rights case. 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