In addition there are two bus routes that formerly connected to outside parts of Managua, but these became now are part of the city (Esquipulas and Los Vanegas). Managua, the largest city in the country, is also its centre of commerce and culture. )$5,300 (2019 est. To add insult to injury, corruption within the Somoza regime which allocated part of the relief funds hindered the reconstruction of the city's center which remains somewhat isolated from the rest of the capital. ), improved: urban: 97.5% of populationrural: 62.6% of populationtotal: 83.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 2.5% of populationrural: 37.4% of populationtotal: 16.8% of population (2020 est. The name "Managua" comes from the indigenous Nahuatl language and means "surrounded by ponds." The city is also known as La Novia del Xolotlan, denoting its location on the shores of Lake Xolotlan. and D.B.Kramer. The city's chief products include beer, coffee, pharmaceuticals, textiles, shoes, matches, construction products, etc. The Doctor Roberto Incer Barquero Library, located in Managua, is designated to promote Nicaraguan culture. Buses are the most economical way to get around the city and thus contributes to high numbers of ridership. (Show more) Official Language: Spanish See all facts & stats Recent News Feb. 21, 2023, 8:50 PM ET (AP) Opponents describe hideous conditions in Nicaraguan prisons Constant fear Located on Lake Managua's southwestern shores, Managua is the capital and the most populated city in Nicaragua. The most centrally located is the Tiscapa Lagoon in the Tiscapa Lagoon Natural Reserve. As stated before Managua only has two seasons, the dry and the rainy. The city is surrounded by rich agricultural lands devoted primarily to the cultivation of coffee, cotton, and corn (maize). [citation needed] Residential and commercial buildings have been constructed on the outskirts of the city, in the same locales that were once used as refuge camps for those who were homeless after the earthquake. World Book Advanced. agriculture: 15.5% (2017 est. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Once a Managuan scenic highlight, the lake has been polluted from the dumping of chemical and waste water since 1927. [54] The St. James' Cathedral became the first cathedral in the Western Hemisphere to be built entirely of concrete on a metal frame. These booming locales have been of concern to the government because of their close proximity to Lake Managua. )note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP, -$316.6 million (2021 est. Located on Lake Managua's south western shores is, Managua - the capital, the largest and the most populated city of Nicaragua. The metro area population of Managua in 2021 was 1,073,000, a 0.85% increase from 2020. note: data are in current year dollars$5.939 billion (2020 est.) This is a list of the largest cities in Nicaragua by population. Schmidt K.M. It produces a variety of small manufactures, including processed meat, furniture, metal, and textiles, and it has an oil refinery. Population 6,203,441 Population Growth Rate 1.05% Urban Population 57.5% Population in Major Urban Areas MANAGUA (capital) 970,000 Please check your download folder. In 1950, the population of Managua was 109,903. Some of the more important buildings which managed to survive the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake include the Catedral de Santiago (St. James' Cathedral, known colloquially as the Old Cathedral), the Rubn Daro National Theatre, and the National Palace of Culture. )$11.771 billion (2018 est. Today, it houses the National Archive, the National Library, as well as the National Museum which is open to the public. The pageant is traditionally held at the Rubn Daro National Theatre and has been held since 1955.[39]. [56], Neither Nicaragua nor the city of Managua have major gang problems, in comparison to some of its regional neighbors. [63] Traveling by airplane is more efficient than traveling by these roads due to the poor conditions, especially in the rainy season. The lakeshore is at an altitude of 55 meters (180 feet) above sea level, and the city climbs as it gets towards the Sierras de Managua further south where it is over 700 meters (2,297 feet) above sea level. Nicaragua's total fertility rate has fallen from around 6 children per woman in 1980 to below replacement level today, but the high birth rate among adolescents perpetuates a cycle of poverty and low educational attainment. For other uses, see. )-3.78% (2019 est. For more than 50years, the National Palace housed the Congress. ms de, Select the correct answer. )carbon dioxide emissions: 5.59 megatons (2016 est. Managua is the economic center and a generator of services for the majority of the nation. Northwest of Managua, in the city of Len, lived the poet Alfonso Corts (1893-1969), who had been declared "mad" at the age of 34 and chained in his bedroom. Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%, Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 15-49, Drinking Water Source - percent of rural population improved, Drinking Water Source - percent of total population unimproved, Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved, bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever, Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population, Infant Mortality Rate - female deaths/1,000 live births, Infant Mortality Rate - male deaths/1,000 live births, Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births, Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk, Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births, Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population, Sanitation Facility Access - percent of total population unimproved, Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved, Sanitation Facility Access - percent of rural population improved, Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman, Underweight - percent of children under five years, Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population, Sex Ratio of Total Population - male/female, Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary). )percent of population: 45% (2020 est. )biomass and waste: 17.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )permanent pasture: 27.2% (2018 est. )wind: 15.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The temperature varies from 72F (22.2C) at night to 86F (30C) during the daytime. Managua's ability to cope with the disaster was also limited. [60] In 2003, the National Police of Nicaragua recognized gangs committed only 0.51% of all crimes. Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015. ), total petroleum production: 200 bbl/day (2021 est. ), $11.674 billion (2019 est. [17] Managua is also Nicaragua's main political, social, cultural, educational and economic hub. les, brainly.com/question/10237353?referrer=searchResults. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. . At the time, Managua's limited resources had to be directed to other disaster relief purposes. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29, 198 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Ese There is also the bust of Professor Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, who was an educator, philanthropist, writer, social activist, and one of the first feminists in the Americas. Nicaragua became an independent nation in 1838. The INCAE Business School (Spanish: Instituto Centroamericano de Administracin de Empresas, INCAE) is a private business school. Managua has been the capital of Nicaragua since 1857. There has been growing amateur interest in little football or "futbolin" among teens and adults. The Augusto C. Sandino International Airport (formerly Managua International Airport) is the largest and only international airport in Nicaragua. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Click here to get an answer to your question What is the population of Managua. [67], Most bus coaches in Managua are fabricated by DINA S.A. and Mercedes-Benz. )0.6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $170 million)0.6% of GDP (2018) (approximately $180 million)0.6% of GDP (2017) (approximately $190 million), approximately 12,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 800 Navy; 1,200 Air Force) (2022), the Nicaraguan military's inventory includes mostly secondhand Russian/Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms supplier to Nicaragua (2022), 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2022), the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2022), Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled, rather, that the Gulf ofFonsecarepresents a condominium, with control being shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so, Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Nicaragua and Costa Rica regularly file border dispute cases with the ICJ over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island, virtually uninhabited areas claimed by both countries; there is an ongoing case in the ICJ to determine Pacific and Atlantic ocean maritime borders as well as land borders; in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region; in 2018, the ICJ ruled that Nicaragua must remove a military base from a contested coastal area near the San Juan River, and that Costa Rica had sovereignty over the northern part of Isla Portillos, including the coast, but excluding Harbour Head Lagoon; additionally, Honduras was required to pay reparations for environmental damage to part of the wetlands at the mouth of the San Juan River, Nicaragua-Colombia: Nicaragua filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of September 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling, tier rating: Tier 3 Nicaragua does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so and was downgraded to Tier 3; the government identified slightly more victims than in the previous reporting period and prosecuted a trafficker; however, no traffickers were convicted and victim identification remained inadequate; authorities did not investigate, prosecute, or convict government employees complicit in trafficking; the government provided no victim services; prosecution, protection, and prevention efforts in the two Caribbean autonomous regions of Nicaragua continued to be much weaker than in the rest of the country (2020)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Nicaragua and Nicaraguans abroad; women, children, and migrants are most at risk; women and children are subject to sex trafficking within the country and its two Caribbean autonomous regions, as well as in other Central American countries, Mexico, Spain, and the United States; traffickers used social media to recruit victims with promises of high-paying jobs in restaurants, hotels, construction, and security outside of Nicaragua where they are subjected to sex or labor trafficking; traffickers exploit children through forced participation in illegal drug production and trafficking; children and persons with disabilities are subjected to forced begging; Nicaragua is also a destination for child sex tourists from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, a transit route for drug traffickers smuggling cocaine from South America through Mexico into the United States via maritime and air routes, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Escaping the city center, earthquake victims found refuge in the outskirts of the city. Nearby is the Monument to Sandino which is a silhouette of Augusto C. Sandino, one of Nicaragua's national heroes. Notable landmarks include Daro Park, with its monument to Nicaraguas famed poet Rubn Daro; the National Palace; the 20th-century cathedral; the Carlos Fonseca Memorial; and the Tower of Democracy. Managua is getting a tourist-friendly makeover that has breathed bright new life into the once forlorn downtown area and spruced up the lakeshore promenade with shiny new attractions. To make matters worse, a series of natural disasters, including Hurricane Mitch in 1998, made economic recovery more difficult. )beer: 1.57 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Nicaraguan Revolution was ultimately responsible for the death of 2% of the Nicaraguan population, 50,000 people. In 1991, there were 110 gangs in Managua. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. There are no railroads that operate in Managua or in Nicaragua. )spirits: 2.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. It also serves as the capital of the Managua Department of the country. Managua is the national education center, with most of the nation's prestigious universities and higher education institutions based there. CountryReports 1997 - 2023 - All Rights Reserved. GENEVA (2 March 2023) - Widespread human rights violations that amount to crimes against humanity are being committed against civilians by Nicaragua's Government for political reasons, the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua said in a new report that calls for the international community to impose sanctions on institutions or individuals involved. The airport, known as Aeropuerto Sandino or MGA to locals, serves as the primary hub for connections at both domestic and international levels. [6] The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department. In addition to the footprints, the museum also displays artifacts found in other localities around the country. Managua is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities[71] from 12 October 1982 establishing brotherly relations with the following cities: This article is about the capital city of Nicaragua. Managua, the capital city of Nicaragua, has an estimated population of 1,083, inhabitants, which covers one-sixth of the total population of the country, according to World Population Review (2022). 6,804,000 Form Of Government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [92 1 ]) . TransNica is a Nicaraguan bus company that operates international bus services throughout Central America. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. )imports: 434 million kWh (2019 est. ), total population: 75.05 yearsmale: 72.84 yearsfemale: 77.36 years (2023 est. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 90 (2020 est. [50], Managua is also home to Museo Sitio Huellas de Acahualinca (the Museum of Acahualinca), where the Ancient footprints of Acahualinca, fossilized Paleo American footprints made 2,100 years ago, are engraved in volcanic ash. Features of Managua It has a population of 2.20 million according to 2016 data. Group of answer choices The construction of a new sewer system and the redirecting of waste water to a new water treatment plant at Las Mercedes in Eastern Managua in May 2009 relieved old concerns over water pollution and native wildlife, and brought some residents closer to the old city center and the rest of the mainland. [6] The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department . Much of Managua was rebuilt after 1931, when it was ravaged by earthquake and fire. )exports: 0 kWh (2019 est. The city is only 163 feet (50 metres) above sea level and is one of Central Americas warmest capitals. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The museum features pre-Columbian paintings, statues, ceramics, etc. Flugh.) Visiting Managua, The Capital of Nicaragua. Temperatures are highest in March, April and May when the sun lies directly overhead and the summer rainfall has yet to begin. [citation needed]. It was founded in 1967. A third road, under construction, will connect Bluefields, South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region with Managua via Nueva Guinea. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. The earliest settlers were probably related to the Maya and Aztec people of Mexico.One of the largest groups of early people was the Nicarao. [7] Residents of the city are called managuas, managenses, or capitalinos. It survived the 1972 earthquake. [12] Managua had become Central America's most developed city. ), $6.617 billion (2021 est.) Lake Managua contains the same fish species as larger Lake Cocibolca in southeastern Nicaragua, except for the freshwater sharks found exclusively in the latter. The main trading products are beef, coffee, cotton, and other crops. Managua's progress came to a sudden halt after it suffered a second major earthquake on December 23, 1972, which destroyed 90% of the city's downtown and killed more than 19,120 people. [8] The ancient footprints of Acahualinca are 2,100-year-old fossils[9] discovered along the shores of Lake Managua. )imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. ), -2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. )30.051 (2017 est. Domestic flights are operated by La Costea from the international airport. )$35.007 billion (2020 est. 17% of the population is of European descent, with the largest ancestry groups being Spanish, German, Italian, English and French. Another festival taking place since 2003 is the Alegria por la Vida (Happiness for Life) Carnaval is celebrated in Managua at the beginning of the month of March. During the dry season the countryside gets dull and even dusty. The Chamorro government closed the system and sold the cars and rails for scrap. Nicaragua is thus the 17th biggest country in the Americas and in terms of area ranked 98th worldwide. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Managua has grown by 17,811 in the last year, which represents a 1.4% annual change. [23] In 2014, the Neil Armstrong Observatory was completed in Managua. The Polytechnic University of Nicaragua (UPOLI) (Spanish: Universidad Politcnica de Nicaragua) is a university located in Managua, Nicaragua. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.93% (2021 est. The National Library holds a great amount of volumes and affords abundant bibliographic information about the discovery and independence of Nicaragua. 2011. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Managua, Nicaragua metro area from 1950 to 2023. The population in Managua, to 2021, is: 1.3 million people Managua population. Schmincke, H.-U., S. Kutterolf, W. Perez, J. Rausch J, A. Freundt, and W. Strauch, 2008. )expenditures: $4.15 billion (2017 est. Managua features four smaller crater lakes or lagoons within city limits. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. )$496.7 million (2020 est. te )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008, lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 47.1% (2014), revenues: $3.871 billion (2017 est. Upon the completion of its construction, the New Cathedral generated controversy among tourists and locals because of its bland and dull appearance. Nicaragua was inhabited by Paleo-Americans as far back as 12,000 BC. In 197879 it was the scene of general strikes against the government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and of heavy fighting, particularly in the slum areas held by Sandinista rebels. Este, Yo _____________ doy de comer a mis perros dos veces al da. (male 180,441/female 231,392), total dependency ratio: 54.4youth dependency ratio: 46.4elderly dependency ratio: 8potential support ratio: 12.6 (2021 est. [22] The educational system includes 1 United States accredited English language university, 3 bilingual university programs, 5 bilingual secondary schools and dozens of English Language Institutes. ), forest revenues: 1.26% of GDP (2018 est. [24] About 18 percent of Nicaragua's total budget is invested in primary, secondary and higher education. )hydroelectricity: 12.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )imports of goods and services: -55.4% (2017 est. The Dennis Martnez National Stadium is home to many baseball games of Managua's Boer team. Leading up to the lagoon is Calle del Comercio (Commerce Street), which leads to the Monumento al Liberalismo (Monument to Liberalism), built in the late 1930s by the Liberal party in honor of President Anastasio Somoza Garca. This highway is commonly referred to as the Northern Highway. It also has a tropical climate, as it is in the western part of Nicaragua. At the time of its construction in the late 1960s, it was the most modern stadium in Central America. This is Managua's moment and here are the best things to see and do in the city. )consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est. [citation needed], Managua is home to the annual Miss Nicaragua pageant; it is the national beauty pageant of Nicaragua. The markets enjoy a substantial amount of popularity, as many of the backpacking, ecotourism-focused tourists and tourists on-a-budget use these markets for their supplies and souvenirs. [6] New governmental buildings, galleries, museums, apartment buildings, squares, promenades, monuments, boat tours on Lake Managua, restaurants, nighttime entertainment, and broad avenues have resurrected part of downtown Managua's former vitality. Since a population census has not currently been carried out, the estimate provided by the National Institute for Development Information INIDE is used, which estimates that by 2021 the population of the capital is 1,350,000 which corresponds to approximately 1.3 million people. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. note: data are in current year dollars$5.714 billion (2019 est.) )refined petroleum consumption: 35,100 bbl/day (2019 est. )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. Thousands of people attend this event which involves dancing, eating, drinking and the marching of musical bands, mainly for traditions that date back to pre-colonial times, or to ask for personal miracles, make promises, or give thanks to the saint. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at, Managua has grown by 17,811 in the last year, which represents a, These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the. All of these highways are in good condition, with little traffic congestion. The city's development caught the attention of Irving Fields and Albert Gamse, who composed a musical piece about the city that became popular in the 1940s through the performances of Freddy Martin, Guy Lombardo and Kay Kyser. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 27%, Mexico 12%, China 11%, Guatemala 9%, Costa Rica 7%, El Salvador 6%, Honduras 6% (2019), refined petroleum, clothing and apparel, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring (2019), $4.047 billion (31 December 2021 est. A disastrous earthquake in 1931 and large fire in 1936[11] destroyed much of the city. Under the rule of Anastasio Somoza Garca and his family (19361979), the city was rebuilt and began to grow rapidly. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. In Mercado Roberto Huembes, Mercado Oriental, Mercado Israel Lewites and other locations one can find anything from household amenities, food, clothing, electronics, construction materials, and other contracting supplies. [14], Managua is located on the southern shores of Lake Managua, also known as Lake Xolotln. Surviving fire squadrons and ambulance companies were not able to handle the skyrocketing demand for their services. ), fresh water lake(s): Lago de Nicaragua - 8,150 sq km; Lago de Managua - 1,040 sq km, the overwhelming majority of the population resides in the western half of the country, with much of the urban growth centered in the capital city of Managua; coastal areas also show large population clusters, destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes, volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Cerro Negro (728 m), which last erupted in 1999, is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes; its lava flows and ash have been known to cause significant damage to farmland and buildings; other historically active volcanoes include Concepcion, Cosiguina, Las Pilas, Masaya, Momotombo, San Cristobal, and Telica, largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua, Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and White) 69%, White 17%, Black 9%, Amerindian 5%. Also part of the exhibit is the Hall of National History and the Hall of National Symbols. Are Nicaraguans white or black? [citation needed] The cathedral survived the 1931 earthquake, but was heavily damaged during the 1972 earthquake, which eventually led to the construction of a new cathedral located in another part of Managua. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. The National Palace of Culture has an exhibition of Nicaraguan art from the time previous to its independence. [40] It starts on the morning of August 1, when the "Bajada del Santo" (walk down of the saint) involves many joyful people walking and carrying the old statue of Santo Domingo from Las Sierritas Church in south Managua to another church across the city to the north, in the area destroyed by the 1972 earthquake. It is nearly ten times the size of Len, the second-largest city of the country. Managua and Puerto Cabezas, located in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region are also connected via road. Managua's location between the rival cities of Len and Granada made it a logical and . Although promoting or practicing homosexuality was illegal in Nicaragua,[44] there is a modest gay social scene in Managua. In 2005, almost 400,000 (7%) of Nicaraguans held a university degree. Today roughly 300,000 Nicaraguans are permanent residents of Costa Rica - about 75% of the foreign population - and thousands more migrate seasonally for work, many illegally. Other universities are the Central American University (1961), the Polytechnical University of Nicaragua (1968; university status 1976), the National University of Engineering (1983), the American University (1992), and Redemptoris Mater Catholic University of Nicaragua (1992). Managua's most famous festival is that of its patron saint Santo Domingo de Guzmn. Efforts to make Managua the capital of Nicaragua began in 1824, after the Central American nations formally attained their independence from Spain. Nicaragua is comparatively low at an average elevation of 298 meters above sea level.
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