The stability of the immobilized cells determines the service life of the biosensor for practical applications. This is likely due to the fact that -carrageenan contains abundant sulfate groups, which mimic the charged proteins present in the extracellular matrix and ensures the practicality of -carrageenan for bone tissue engineering. Healthc. A video contact angle system (Sony, Tokyo, Japan) was used to capture water contact angle images. Fig 4 represents the response time profile of the potentiometric -carrageenan biosensor. Visit Product Comparison Guide Featuring a graphic touch display and new features such as real-time level support,integrated protection systems and CalAuditTrail for gapless documentation. An ideal coating of a medical implant is biocompatible, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and has optimal stiffness. A novel BMP2-coprecipitated, layer-by-layer assembled biomimetic calcium phosphate particle: A biodegradable and highly efficient osteoinducer. Acta Endocrinol. These osteogenic genes (Opn, Ocn, Fgf2, and Dmp1) are well related to extracellular matrix mineralization in the long term. (A) Alizarin red-stained mineralized matrix. The absorbance of the original suspsion was read against water at 600 nm, and was used as a reference reading for further bacterial concentration measurement. Res. 24, 331343. A 84, 682690. Recent advances in the field of cell-based therapeutics provide new perspectives for oral tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 23, 45234531. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.023, Haugen, H. J., and Chen, H. (2022). Indonesia, the Philippines, and Chile are three main sources of raw material and extracted carrageenan. Your success will determine our future; we support you to be successful. (1). [11] Refined carrageenan has a 2% maximum for acid-insoluble material and is produced by alcohol precipitation or potassium chloride gel press process. The SPE-based microbial biosensor response was found to be reproducible with high reproducibility and relative standard deviation (RSD) at 2.6% (n = 3). Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain (uk.vwr.com). it changed the more straight sheet-like structure of CaP into a more curved sheet-like structure. Biol. Higher buffer capacities at 20 mM PBS and above were found to give higher correlation coefficient values, whereby the regression lines fit the data well in a linear pattern. Chem. Dose-dependent effect of -carrageenan in OCP-coating of titanium discs on extracellular matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts at day 21. Significant effect of -carrageenan, ****p < 0.0001. -Car, -carrageenan. 8, 919929. Preparation of nanogels based on kappa-carrageenan/chitosan J. Biol. Dose-dependent effect of -carrageenan in octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-coating of titanium discs on surface morphology. To assess whether -carrageenan affects OCP crystallinity, the Ca/P ratio was calculated (Figure 1C). Res. Integr. The fluorescence intensity was monitored at 485nm (excitation) and 528nm (emission) in a microplate reader (Synergy, BioTek, Winooski, VT, United States). The seaweed is normally grown on nylon lines strung between bamboo floats, and it is harvested after three months or so, when each plant weighs approximately 1kg (2.2lb). OCP can be deposited onto a substratum using layer-by-layer deposition technology in a simulated in vivo microenvironment at 37C (Wu et al., 2010), rather than at a high temperature (>1,000C) as needed for other types of CaP coating, e.g. Thus, the biosensor operational period was approximately 20 days. The proposed potentiometric whole cell biosensor based on marine bacterial cells could sensitively detect the concentration of -carrageenan at low levels via degradation of -carrageenan compared to the previously reported electrochemical potentiometric titration techniques using immobilized dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (DNNS) [45] or tridodecylammonium chloride (TDMAC) ionophore [11] in polymeric membranes e.g. -Carrageenan (0.1252mg/ml) increased the intensity of crystallinity peaks corresponding to the crystal structure of OCP, with -carrageenan at 2mg/ml showing the highest peak intensity. Unfortunately, the clinical use of BMP2 is very expensive (Zheng et al., 2014). Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Water contact angle measurement revealed that the hydrophilicity of OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan was similar (Figure 4C). Quantification of the fluorescence intensity at day 7 (Figure 3B) confirmed this observation indicating that BSA release decreased by adding -carrageenan to the OCP coating. School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, The culture medium was removed and discs were washed 2 times with PBS, and fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 15min at 37C. Biotechnol. The raw weed is first sorted and crude contaminants are removed by hand. In this study, we successfully incorporated -carrageenan in the OCP coating on a titanium surface using a biomimetic co-precipitation technique. The E. cottonii variety has been reclassified as Kappaphycus cottonii by Maxwell Doty (1988), thereby introducing the genus Kappaphycus, on the basis of the phycocolloids produced (namely kappa carrageenan). While enzymes are sensitive to inhibitors, incorporation of enzyme molecules in biosensors may be limited because of the tedious, time-consuming and costly enzyme purification, the requirement for multiple enzymes to generate the measurable product, or the need for cofactor/coenzyme [21]. The developed potentiometric microbial biosensor has been applied for the determination of standard -carrageenan added into a fresh milk sample. Food Hydrocoll. OCP coating with -carrageenan (2mg/ml) increased matrix mineralization in pre-osteoblasts after 21 days of culture (Figure 8). kappa (2008). For your security, we have logged you out. Res. School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Cell 130, 456469. Integrating focal adhesion dynamics, cytoskeleton remodeling, and actin motor activity for predicting cell migration on 3D curved surfaces of the extracellular matrix. doi:10.1002/jbm.820240306, Lee, N. K., Sowa, H., Hinoi, E., Ferron, M., Ahn, J. D., Confavreux, C., et al. Bioeng. ACS Omega 5, 39964003. WebKappa (-)-carrageenan (-c) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA) without further treatment. 1000 mg L-1 stock solutions of - (Fluka), - and -carrageenan (Sigma) were prepared by dissolving 50 mg of the respective analytical grade carrageenans in 50 mL of deionized water. Gene expression of all markers was also similar at day 14, except for Mepe expression, which was increased (4.93-fold) in pre-osteoblasts on OCP coating with 2mg/ml -carrageenan (Figure 9). Bacterial cells are known for their instability with a limited life span. Thus, compared to the sigma -carrageenan standard, the ATR-FTIR results showed that carrageenan extraction from the G. skottsbergii macroalgae ALP protein on OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan was stained at 3 and 7days. doi:10.1002/cre2.613, Vancea, A., Serban, O., and Fodor, D. (2021). The SPE surface was first modified with an inner solution layer made of a photocurable poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] membrane. (A) SEM micrographs. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214580.t005. All are soluble in hot water, but in cold water, only the lambda form (and the sodium salts of the other two) are soluble. Copyright 2022 Cao, Jin, Wu, Bravenboer, Helder, Schulten, Bacabac, Pathak and Klein-Nulend. A prominent advantage of using such an osteogenic agent/drug-containing CaP coating is that the biological activity of the agent/drug is preserved during coprecipitation with inorganic components at physiological temperature (37C) and pH (7.4) (Lin et al., 2020). kappa-Carrageenan, Thermo Scientific Chemicals - Fisher Sci Optimum response of the biosensor was confirmed after statistical analyses of the obtained data using linear correlation statistics based on the slope of the response curve and t-tests of the highest slope values at p<0.001. Biomaterials 28, 26772686. -Carrageenan significantly reduced the pore size in the sheet-like CaP structure. (2019). (2014). CaP coatings on titanium implant surfaces have been widely investigated to integrate metallic implants with living bone (Das et al., 2019; Pazarceviren et al., 2021). Adv. Fgf2 affects gene expression in osteoblasts in a biphasic fashion, depending on the osteoblast maturation stage (Pitaru et al., 1993). At the end of 24h incubation, the pH of the solution had increased from 6.5 to 8.0. Biointerphases 16, 020803. doi:10.1116/6.0000876, Pitaru, S., Kotev-Emeth, S., Noff, D., Kaffuler, S., and Savion, N. (1993). Carrageenans are high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides made up of repeating D-galactose residues and 3,6-anhydrogalactose, which are linked via alternating -(1,3) and -(1,4) linkages [12]. Therefore, the increased Mepe expression might be related to the improved cell spreading on the OCP coating containing -carrageenan. Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. Bar: 1mm. Buffer capacity was optimized by varying the PBS concentration between 1 mM and 50 mM, whilst the buffer pH was optimized between pH 4 and pH 10 by using 20 mM PBS. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.166, Pazarceviren, A. E., Tezcaner, A., and Evis, Z. here. ALP protein staining kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used for the colorimetric detection of ALP intensity, using 30min incubation at 37C. The biosensor exhibited good detection performance for -carrageenan between pH 7.0 and pH 8.0. 83, 425434. There is no clinical evidence for carrageenan as an unsafe food ingredient, mainly because its fate after digestion is inadequately determined. A bone substitute composed of polymethylmethacrylate and -tricalcium phosphate: Results in terms of osteoblast function and bone tissue formation. J. Orthop. J. Brnemark, R., Brnemark, P. I., Rydevik, B., and Myers, R. R. (2001). OCP coatings without -carrageenan showed less FITC-BSA (top view) compared to OCP coatings with -carrageenan at 0.5mg/ml and 2mg/ml (most FITC-BSA) after 7days incubation (Figure 3A). Total yield by alkali treatments gave higher yields (33%) compared with aqueous treatments (12%). The effect of cell loading was carried out by depositing 5 L of different bacterial cell suspension concentrations on the surface of the H+ ion-selective poly(nBA) membrane on the SPE and dried at 4C for 2 h. After that, the bacterial cells-modified electrode was immersed in 2 mL of 5 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.1 M NaCl until further use. n = 9 from 3 independent experiments. Comfortable fit and performance, featuring wide flexible temple arms and a combined soft nose bridge. ImageJ software was used for paxillin area quantification. Anionic polysaccharide -carrageenan Type I was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Applied Filters: Keyword: 'carrageenan'. BMP2 and polymers have been incorporated in CaP coating to improve the biological activity and osteoinductivity of CaP-coated implants (Fini et al., 2002; Lin et al., 2020). Res. NL EN. Med. In the current study, the more curved OCP sheet-like structure was associated with the presence of -carrageenan in the coating, as well as with enhanced pre-osteoblast spreading and paxillin expression. Kappa Sigma ( ) is an international fraternity with currently over 400 active chapters and No, Is the Subject Area "Ionophores" applicable to this article? After incubation for 1, 12, or 24h at 37C, the discs were transferred into a new 48-well plate (one disc per well), and washed thoroughly with PBS. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Sourcing, Kitting and Management of Ancillary Supplies and Equipment for all your clinical trials. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011853/full#supplementary-material, Akiva, A., Kerschnitzki, M., Pinkas, I., Wagermaier, W., Yaniv, K., Fratzl, P., et al. Webon kappa-carrageenan media as on agar media. Its many uses include adding a dilution of Kappa to yoghurt or cheese to prevent separation. Exp. There are various marine bacteria from the genus Pseudomonas and Zobellia secreting galactan endohydrolases, including those that are producing -carrageenases, -carrageenases and - carrageenases that are able to cleave randomly or at specific glycosidic bonds of carrageenan have been discovered [24]. A potentiometric whole cell biosensor based on immobilized marine bacterium, Pseudomonas carrageenovora producing -carrageenase and glycosulfatase doi:10.1002/jbm.a.31341, Uijlenbroek, H. J. J., Lin, X., Liu, T., Zheng, Y., Wismeijer, D., and Liu, Y. Used under license. Copyright: 2019 Hassan et al. Sort by Relevance. 55, 8188. To add items to your basket, enter a quantity and click Add to Basket. Biomed. (2010). Ocn is involved in calcium ion homeostasis and bone mineralization, as is Fgf2 (Globus et al., 1989). Their main application is in dairy and meat products, due to their strong binding to food proteins. It is a disaccharide 154, 606620. Therefore we used -carrageenan at 2mg/ml OCP solution as the highest concentration (Supplementary Figure S2). J. Mat. Acta Biomater. Furthermore, the biosensor based on disposable SPE is low-cost and provides portable version of test device for on-site routine analysis to be carried out in a convenient manner. The total cell number in the three ROIs ranged from 20 to 25.
African Hair Do Amsterdam,
Are Motobatt Batteries Any Good,
Articles K