b2012 conversion factors from DEFRA were used for 2010, 2011, and 2012. Official websites use .gov 2021: Employees were surveyed on their work from home (telework) emissions impacts. Tables presenting supply chain and margin emission factors and data quality scores for US commodities and industries calculated from USEEIO models at two levels of commodity/industry categorization, detail and summary, for both industries and commodity, and annually from 2010-2016. 6. Rather, our intent is to educate sources and regulators about the accuracy of emission factors and to improve such accuracy through the incorporation of the results of direct emissions testing into the estimation of future emission factors. 9. NOTE: The activities referred to are different from the services normally offered by the parent organization to third parties (i.e., building maintenance or electricity) - which should always be included in the inventory. Processing of WRIs sold products (publications) through activities such as printing are accounted for in Category 1. These resources contain information developed by the U.S. EPA or by outside parties which have undergone limited EPA and external review and are felt to be potentially useful, but which are not contained in AP 42. Pattern-based surveys capture the distances traveled for each mode of transportation within a multi-modal commute pattern. Their role is to initiate and guide the development of high quality GHG accounting and reporting protocols and standards, which may be used by regulatory bodies and any other entities interested in GHG accounting and reporting. However, EPA did not intend any change in current practices that would warrant rulemaking. The GHG Protocol focuses only on accounting and reporting of GHG emissions. Top Ten Questions about the Scope 2 Guidance, Seeking Participation in the Beta Test of a New GHGP Cross-Sector Corporate Calculation Tool, Webinar: Greenhouse Gas Protocol and Science-based Targets for Forest, Land and Agriculture (FLAG) | Mar. Revised decision trees for many of the categories, More detail on the calculation methods for category 1 Purchased goods and services, in particular the hybrid method, More guidance for category 5 Waste generated in operations, in particular in relation to recycling and waste-to-energy, Extended guidance on category 15 Investments. Depending on the situation, therefore, it may be more straightforward to find an emission factor that does not consider lifecycle impacts. When available, the US office conducts quarterly waste audit on daily samples of landfill and recycling and scales these samples up for annual waste calculations. It is not possible to know how much waste ends up at each facility; thus, we assumed the average methane recovery rate for the United States when determining emissions from the disposal of this residual waste. dynamic system to dilute the sample by a known factor to below its dew point; Access, facilities and services . The assignment process involves some subjectivity. Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions from consumption of purchased electricity, heat or steam. b2015 emissions were extrapolated by taking the average of 2014 and 2016 emissions from each mode of transportation. If a company is using the equity share or financial control approach to establish its organizational boundary, then leased assets would fall within a companys organizational boundary if they are considered wholly owned assets in financial accounting and are recorded as such on the balance sheet. Instead, companies can document the key features of their purchases separately to illustrate the types of impact they intend to have. Yes! Include the ID number for each unit and a description of the unit. When calculating emissions from the burning of biomass by electricity providers, the amount of CO2 emissions would reflect the amount of biomass they use, i.e., if they burn only biomass, their emission factor would be zero. Does the Guidance distinguish between higher impact purchasing and lower-impact? Below are a number of resources that may provide such information. It may be impossible to separate out Scope 2 and 3 emissions when the emission factors for purchased electricity come from a life cycle analysis. They may be included in a Scope 3 inventory labeled generation of electricity that is consumed in a T&D system. For more information, visit theEmissions Factor Uncertainty Assessmentreport webpage. Note that published electricity grid emission factors do not generally include T&D losses. Stakeholders will identify different levels of leadership in the range of these procurement actions. Calculation follows the general formula. Recycling and landfill activity data from 2017 onward are scaled up to annual emissions using the four representative daily waste audit samples applied to an entire year (250 days, Monday-Friday with 10 public holidays). At this pivotal moment, WRI President & CEO Ani Dasgupta will share insights into our predictions for the big stories coming up in 2023, including what actions governments, businesses, institutions and people must take to get the world on the right path. WRI uses the distance-based method to calculate emissions. Hierarchy of factors driving N2O emissions in nontilled soils - Yumpu EPA released a draft review for public comment on April 24, 2007. To calculate emissions, activity (waste weight) data are multiplied by waste-type (e.g. The Scope 2 Guidance and corporate GHG accounting framework is based on attributional accounting, which in this context means allocating electricity emissions to end-usersbut not the impact of a given action or activity outside of the inventory boundary. WRI surveys its staff annually to obtain commuting data for up to 3 different multi-mode commute patterns. 2012. Rail and waterborne transport have the lowest emissions per kilometre and unit transported, while aviation and road transport emit significantly more. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned). How should I account for emissions resulting from the use of products/materials manufactured by my company? All leases not defined as finance or capital leases by the above terms are considered operating leases. The results can be used as normalization factors (NFs) in the context of the life cycle assessment (LCA). Making corporate value chain accounting easier than ever, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard Online Course. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. (Guidance document of the new Purchased Electricity Heat and Steam Tool). PDF Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Fugitive Emissions Due to the biogenic differences between fossil fuels and biomass, they are categorized differently in national inventories. More recently, emissions factors have been applied in determining site-specific applicability and emissions limitations in operating permits by federal, state, local, and tribal agencies, consultants, and industry. The survey is sent out and the total staff per WRI office is calculated once a year, which means that staff who worked during the year in question but left WRI before the survey was sent out are excluded. These factors were produced with useeior v1.0.1. The global warming potential factors, detailed methodology, and emission factors used for each emission source are listed in this manual. Appendix F. Electricity Emission Factors from Energy Information Administration Form EIA-1605 (2007) Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases, OMB No. Opportunities to improve the data quality score and overall activity data include: - Private equity data details at the security-level were not available, these were pro-rated as well. The term market-based method is new, but the concept was originally referenced in the Corporate Standard. The use of an occupancy ratiobased on square footage and other electricity use estimates are not as accurate as submetering WRIs own electricity consumption. Our tools enable companies to develop comprehensive and reliable inventories of their GHG emissions. Thus, when using USEEIO emission factors to estimate emissions, we assume that vendors and partners originate in the US, even though that is not always the case. World Resources Institute Carbon Management & Greenhouse Gas Mitigation - Second Nature Notes: aDEFRA = Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (UK). The total number of weeks worked is multiplied by the total distance traveled for each mode of transportation for each staff member. bEPA = Environmental Protection Agency (US). Notes: aGWP = Global warming potential. into action and scale This category includes emissions from WRI's US-based endowment portfolio. Key sources for emission factors include: The most recent version of the Emission Factors Hub (March 2023) includes updates to emission factors for purchased electricity from eGRID, mobile combustion, upstream and downstream transportation, business travel, product transport, and employee commuting. Notes: aUSEEIO = United States Environmentally Extended Input-Output Model. If a company is using the operational control approach to establish its organizational boundary, then leased assets would fall within a companys organizational boundary if an operating lease exists. Building on this standard, GHG Protocol has now released a companion guide that makes it even easier for businesses to complete their scope 3 inventories. Hierarchy of factors driving N2O emissions in nontilled soils . 1. Cold-water laundry detergents, fuel-saving tires, energy-efficient ball bearings, emissions-saving data centers. 1905-0194, IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, Electricity Factors by Country 1999-2022 (2017), GHGP Purchased Electricity tool (v4.7, May 2015), which uses IEA emission factors from 2012, IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, Electricity Factors by Country 1999-2022 (2017) (EIA). An effective corporate climate change strategy requires a detailed understanding of a companys greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. If you dont have access to any of these data, you can use a residual mix (if available) or grid average emission factors that you would also be using in the location-based method total. This increased understanding can benefit the companies themselves, as well as their suppliers, customers, and other value chain partners. However, submetering does not account for common space electricity use in commercial buildings with multiple tenants. To approximate the total number of days per year that employees commute, holidays, paid time-off, and employee estimates of telework days, alternative work schedules, and business travel are used to extrapolate weekly commute pattern data collected via the survey to the rest of the year. Total distances traveled per mode of transportation are an approximation based on assumptions about the total number of days per year that staff commute, as well as accounting for staff who do not respond to the survey. Business travel data is collected from WRIs corporate travel agency on amonthly basis for all of WRI US and China staff air and rail travel, as well as a significant portion of WRI Africa and Europe travel. If a company is not participating in a specific initiative that requires separating these two for reporting purposes, it may be sufficient to clearly report that the emission factors being used include sources that would normally be categorized in Scope 2 and Scope 3. - Improve EVIC data, used for market cap and GHG allocation in Method A (above). English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . GHG Emissions Calculation Approaches - Open Risk Manual The CDP questionnaire currently requests this information. Common Data Model for Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability will be included in the overall Common Data Model libraries, published in an open-source fashion. A convenient online training on accounting for emissions throughout the corporate value chain. The new Guidance has formalized this method, allowing different types of contractual data to now work together to create a complete allocation of energy generation emissions without double counting between consumers. WTT emissions account for the emissions arising from the extraction, production, and transportation of fuels consumed or used to generate electricity. 5. Historically, emissions from end-of-life treatment of WRIs sold products (printed publications) accounted for <0.05 percent of WRIs total inventory; therefore, Category 12 is excluded because of challenges associated with data collection. Both confirmed data and estimations were used. WRI uses the distance-based approach to estimate emissions from air and rail travel, by multiplying the distance traveled by mode-specific emission factors. It is the first major revision to the Corporate Standard in over 11 years. Employees were not surveyed in 2015. The activity data (gallons of diesel fuel used) are allocated to WRI using a ratio of WRIs square-feet occupation to the total leasable square feet of the office building. In many cases, the emissions will be a small portion of the organizations inventory. food waste) and waste-treatment-specific (e.g. WRI does not lease assets to other entities. For companies just beginning to assess their scope 3 emissions, it can be difficult to know where to start. the amount of money spent or awarded), - The input-output table to be used, in this case the 2007 benchmark input-output table from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Materiality threshold: Top 80% by value for each fund (including securities within the top 80% by investment value). Calculation uses estimation equations from the Climate Registrys General Reporting Protocol (GRP) v 1.1 (2008) - total annual refrigerant emissions (metric tons) =. bRFC East = Reliability First Corporation/East Source: WRI. Building on this standard, GHG Protocol has now released a companion guide that makes it even easier for businesses to complete their scope 3 inventories. T&D losses) not covered in Scope 2, outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc. These included: The guidance for each category of scope 3 emissions can be downloaded separately. TheScope 3 Standardis the only internationally accepted method for companies to account for these types of value chain emissions. The spend-based approach using industry average emission factors is less granular than using the supplier-specific approach, whereby vendors provide high quality Scope 1 and 2 data that can be used to calculate vendor-specific emissions for each good or service purchased. Offices are considered material when they are under operational control of WRI, and if any of the additional criteria are met: WRI has updated the base year to 2019 for its GHG inventory. The four specific greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and sulfur hexafluoride. Generally speaking, the location-based method total can only be reduced by decreasing the activity data (or electricity consumption) since the grid average emission factor is largely outside of corporate control. This is the factor most often published by national government agencies like the US EPA or the UK BEIS. Using the general formula, the nonrenewable energy consumption and the residual emissions factor (above) were applied to provide the residual grid emissions. WRI does not report emissions from any operational financial accounts, staff retirement accounts, or operating reserve funds. WRI leases its office space, copiers, and printers. These tools were developed in partnership with industry experts and represent best practice quantification methodologies. Employee commute data from WRIs international offices are only available for certain years from 2013 onward. ; Guidance on collecting activity data and selecting appropriate emission factors; Likely emissions sources and the scopes they fall under (specific to a particular sector); Additional information, such as quality control practices and program specific information. For example, staff could take transit twice a week and bike in the remaining days, but in a primary mode survey, only the biking or transit would be captured. Grid-average (generation) mix Total emissions from electricity supplied through the grid divided by the total energy supplied. Activity data is a quantitative measure of a level of activity (e.g. This Septembers CDP questionnaire (applying to 2015 data) will be updated to align fully with the new Scope 2 Guidance. Monthly weight totals (kg) of compost collected by WRI are reported from the vendor. An official website of the United States government. Emission factor is a factor that converts activity data into GHG emissions data (e.g. - INTA. Furthermore, there are challenges with assigning specific vendors to the correct industry sectors. The waste generated at any site is removed to a multitude of landfills or waste-to-energy centers. Table 6.3 from the Scope 2 Guidance describes the hierarchy of emission factors to be used for Scope 2 market-based emission calculations - note residual mix is the second-to-last option in the table: Where the Numbers Come From There are two sets of emission factors in the library: the AIB set and the Green-e set. Emissions Factors 2021 - Data product - IEA - International Energy Agency Search all of the site's content. By contrast, the market-based method is designed to highlight supply choices, including low-or zero carbon supply. The market-based method identifies a hierarchy of different types of contractual instruments from which emission factors can be derived. An overview of the protocol with information on the sector, sources, and process(es) that it covers; One or more approaches for determining CO2 and other GHG emissions, e.g., direct measurement, mass balance, etc. Staff increases also do not necessitate a base year recalculation. Under this approach, the organization multiplies the capacity of the equipment by an emission factor for fixed or portable equipment. kg CO 2 emitted per liter of fuel consumed, kg CH 4 emitted per kilometer traveled, etc.) The basic formula is: Figure 1. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Possible Approaches. Contractual instruments recognized in the market-based method include more than green power purchases. A materiality threshold is best set by a GHG program/initiative. Mass emissions results, for example kg/h . and future generations. The IPCC guidelines (IPCC, 1996) refer to a hierarchy of calculation approaches and techniques ranging from the application of generic emission factors to direct monitoring: Direct measurement of GHG emissions by monitoring concentration and flow rate. The most recent version of the Emission Factors Hub (March 2023) includes updates to emission factors for purchased electricity from eGRID, mobile combustion, upstream and downstream transportation, business travel, product transport, and employee commuting. b CDP = formerly Carbon Disclosure Project, now known as CDP, provides company reported sustainability data on climate, water, forests. The market-based method shows emissions for which WRI is responsible through its purchasing decisions based on contractual emissions. To meet the GHG Protocol's strict requirements for market-based reporting, companies must report the most precise and accurate market-based emissions factors, in accordance with a hierarchy of contractual instruments, that meet eight rigorous Quality Criteria. Updated. The USEEIO model was developed with input-output tables representing exchanges among industries in the US, and with US economic data. Methods for calculating GHG emissions for each of the 15 categories of scope 3 emissions (such as purchased goods and services, transportation and distribution, and use of sold products); Guidance on selecting the appropriate calculation methods; and. Monthly totals of electricity consumption compiled from bills provided by building management. See Chapter 9 (Setting Reduction Targets and Tracking Emissions Over Time) to learn more about recalculating base year emissions. Emission factor ratings in AP-42 (discussed below) provide indications of the robustness, or . Air - Programs - Emissions Inventory - Greenhouse Gases - Maine WRI has updated its Scope 1 methodology to include the offices in its organizational boundary from 2019 onward.. electricity emission factors are sourced directly from the supplier in the first instance. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Source: WRI. KYOTO, Japan, May 13 - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released on Monday an update to its methodology used by governments to estimate their greenhouse gas emissions and removals. But there is a big problem: These avoided emissions claims are often unverifiable or inaccurate. Please click here to see any active alerts. Seeking Participation in the Beta Test of a New GHGP Cross-Sector Corporate Calculation Tool, Webinar: Greenhouse Gas Protocol and Science-based Targets for Forest, Land and Agriculture (FLAG) | Mar. When this happens, EPA recommends the CAA permit require source-specific testing to confirm the accuracy of the emissions estimates. WRIs international offices are only available from office initiation or data reporting initiation onward. To avoid creating a misleading offset in emissions totals, all recycling weights were considered to have no impact instead of negative or avoided emissions. The GHG Protocol defines direct and indirect emissions as follows: The GHG Protocol further categorizes these direct and indirect emissions into three broad scopes: Each tool generally involves the use of emission factors, which relate the amounts of greenhouse gases emitted by a business to a set amount of activity performed by that business. Other staff had more complicated multimodal trips each day, such as a drive to a transit hub. Emission Factors Archive Guidance and Resource Materials, Procedures for the Development of Emissions Factors from Stationary Sources, Locating and Estimating (L&E) Documents webpage, Emissions Factors Archive Guidance and Resource Materials webpage, Air Emissions Factors and Quantification Home, ER =overall emission reduction efficiency, %. Based on the feedback received, a number of revisions were made to the guidance. The archive is a collection of older reports and software manuals, as well as references and background reports cited in theCompilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Volume I: Stationary Point & Area Sources. Markets for contractual instruments like certificates are designed to deploy renewable energy where it is most cost-effective, so any purchase contributes to long-term, collective impact in the market. Emissions factors have long been the fundamental tool in developing national, regional, state, and local emissions inventories for air quality management decisions and in developing emissions control strategies. 15/09/2021. PDF Why emissions factors? - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Incorporating more vendor-specific data should have the effect of lowering emissions, given WRIs requirements for its vendors. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. An emissionsfactor is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. WRI will recalculate its base year emissions if there are significant changes to its GHG inventory following the guidance given in the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and Scope 3 Standard. PDF Scope 2 Market-Based Accounting Has Huge Potential Along With Data Emissions of CO2 from the combustion of biomass are reported for informational purposes, but not included in national totals. WRIs international offices have different levels of inclusion in WRIs central accounting tools. WRIs Category 1 emissions were determined by modeling secondary data (total vendor expenses and subgrants) using the, 2019: The EEIO model used to estimate Category 1 emissions for all years since 2010 was updated to the USEEIO model, developed by US EPA in 2017 based on the 2007 benchmark input-output table from BEA with 2013 dollars used as the basis for demand. In other words, the emissions are counted when the trees are cut, not when they are burned. Scope 5 Electricity (Residual Mix) Library - Scope 5 EN. Most of the material is in a scanned PDF format. Any updates to the WRI organizational boundary that meet the materiality criteria will trigger a base year recalculation. IPCC Updates Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Inventories They should be used with discretion. For solid waste, WRI uses the waste-type-specific method to estimate emissions. In the top category of certificates, for instance, companies should also disclose whether it is unbundled REC purchases, RECs conveyed through a power purchase agreement (PPA), or RECs conveyed to consumers via a supplier-specific emission rate or program. Global environmental impacts: data sources and - Springer To estimate emissions, diesel consumption data are multiplied by regional-average well-to-tank emission factors for diesel fuel. Note that it is especially important to transparently report the source of the emissions. From 2018 onward, WRI negotiated for compost collection under its green lease provision with building management. Notes: aDEFRA = Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (UK). Another reason to include these emissions would be if they comprise a relatively large share of the organizations GHG inventory. Soda-lime glass consists of sand, limestone, soda ash, and cullet (broken glass). The major sources of lead emissions have historically been from fuels in cars and trucks and industrial sources. CDP updates its questionnaire every September, and has been incorporating key components of the Guidance over the last few years as it was being developed. GHG Protocol Standards and Guidance Update Process, The Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, Estimating and Reporting Avoided Emissions, GPC Supplemental Guidance for Forests and Trees, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard Online Course, Product Life Cycle Standard Online Course, Global Covenant of Mayors Online Training, Categorizing Emissions from Leased Assets, http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htm. See notes in Table A-232 for more specific source information. A new study commissioned by the EEA shows a clear hierarchy of passenger and freight transport modes, in terms of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Limited sources of downstream transportation; difficult to disaggregate from vendor data used for category 1. These production and transportation emissions could be included in your companys Scope 3 emissions (an optional category); however it would make more sense for these emissions to be placed under the electricity generators inventory where they are likely to be direct emissions.
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