13 Friend, Daniel, Texas Could Play Central Role in Shift Away from China's Rare Earth Dominance, The Texan (December 27, 2021). 114 Texas State Historical Association, Texas Almanac, Texas Electric Grids: Demand and Supply, accessed April 17, 2022. Although the US was the world's largest net importer of refined petroleum products as recently as 2008, the US became a net exporter in 2010, and in 2014 was the largest exporter and the largest net exporter of refined petroleum. 60 U.S. Census Bureau, Texas, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), Southwest Power Pool, Inc (SPP), Texas Reliability Entity (TRE), Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) 3. 120 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Texas, Required Energy Efficiency Goals, updated April 29, 2016. 126 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2022), Tables 6.2.A, 6.2.B. Port Arthur Refinery - Wikipedia Release Date: 6/21/2022: Next Release Date: 6/16/2023 . 12 Texas Comptroller pf Public Accounts, Texas Comptroller Visits USA Rare Earth's Round Top Project for Good for Texas Tour: Supply Chains Edition, Press Release (October 27, 2021). Warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico sweeps westward across the state, losing moisture as it goes. 72 U.S. EIA, Permian Region Drilling Productivity Report, Permian Region Natural gas production (April 2022). Find the oil refinery near you. 2 3 ExxonMobil is adding a third crude unit to its Beaumont refinery located in Beaumont, Texas, US, in order to increase the refinery's crude refining capacity by 250,000 barrels per day (bpd). In 2020, the residential and commercial end-use sectors together accounted for about 8% of all the natural gas consumed in Texas.93 More than one-third of Texas households rely on natural gas as their primary heating fuel, but the state's per capita residential natural gas use ranks among the lowest one-fourth of states.94,95,96. That water, as hot as 200C, is a potential geothermal resource that could be used to generate electricity. Construction of the unit is expected to be completed by 2022. 82 Golden Pass LNG, LNG Export Project, accessed April 18, 2022. 97 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 2021), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2020. 95 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Volumes Delivered to Residential, Annual, 2020. Texas Quick Facts Texas is the top crude oil- and natural gas-producing state in the nation. Marathon's Galveston Bay oil refinery in Texas City, Texas. Saudi Aramco, the kingdom's state-owned oil behemoth, took 100% control of the sprawling Port Arthur refinery in Texas on Monday, completing a deal that was first announced last year. Texas is home to two of the nation's four U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) crude oil storage sites. 29 U.S. EIA, "U.S. crude oil production grew 17% in 2018, surpassing the previous record in 1970," Today in Energy (April 9, 2019). Texas is the nation's largest coal consumer.104 On a tonnage basis, Texas lignite accounts for almost one-third of the state's coal consumption, with nearly all the rest of the state's needs met by subbituminous coal brought from Wyoming by rail. Three dangerous blazes in three weeks have struck refineries and a chemical plant, leaving one dead and over a dozen injured. 103 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 2021), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2020, and Table 2, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2020. Those plants can produce about 400 million gallons of fuel ethanol per year from corn and sorghum feedstocks.134,135 The state also has 8 biodiesel plants that can produce about 380 million gallons of biodiesel each year.136 A new refinery in Newton County, Texas, will process one million tons of wood waste into a variety of biofuels, including sustainable aviation fuel and renewable diesel.137, The relatively gentle terrain and low rainfall throughout much of Texas are not conducive to hydroelectric power development, and fewer than two dozen hydroelectric power plants contribute less than 0.3% of in-state electricity generation.138 Although there are a large number of non-powered dams in Texas, there is limited potential for further hydroelectric development.139 Thousands of crude oil and natural gas wells in Texas produce billions of barrels of non-potable water annually as a byproduct of crude oil and natural gas production. 66 U.S. EIA, "Extreme winter weather event in Texas reduced fuel ethanol production in February," Today in Energy (March 31, 2021). 123 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2022), Table 1.14.B. 71 U.S. EIA, "Texas natural gas production fell by almost half during recent cold snap," Today in Energy (February 25, 2021). 58 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F11, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Consumption Estimates, 2020. 20 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Data, GDP and Personal Income, Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State, GDP in current dollars, Texas, All statistics in table, 2021. 19 U.S. EIA, Use of Energy Explained, Energy Use in Industry, updated August 2, 2021. *Includes only refineries with atmospheric crude oil distillation capacity. 12 Texas Comptroller pf Public Accounts, Texas Comptroller Visits USA Rare Earth's Round Top Project for Good for Texas Tour: Supply Chains Edition, Press Release (October 27, 2021). 33 Wooster, Robert, and Christine Moor Sanders, "Spindletop Oilfield," Texas State Historical Association, updated April 2, 2019. In 2021, wind supplied one-fifth of Texas' in-state utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) generation, providing more in-state power than coal for the second year in a row. 66 U.S. EIA, "Extreme winter weather event in Texas reduced fuel ethanol production in February," Today in Energy (March 31, 2021). The relatively gentle terrain and low rainfall throughout much of Texas are not conducive to hydroelectric power development, and fewer than two dozen hydroelectric power plants contribute less than 0.3% of in-state electricity generation.138 Although there are a large number of non-powered dams in Texas, there is limited potential for further hydroelectric development.139 Thousands of crude oil and natural gas wells in Texas produce billions of barrels of non-potable water annually as a byproduct of crude oil and natural gas production. WTI is a standard in part because of its ample supply and because of its proximity to a major market trading hub at Cushing, Oklahoma.40 101 Mapel, W. J., Bituminous Coal Resources of Texas, U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey Bulletin 1242-D (1967), p. D-2. U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics 49 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Input Qualities, Sulfur Content, Annual, 2016-21. Traditional advertising is a good way to increase brand awareness, especially for companies looking to rebrand. 115 Morehouse, Catherine, "Congress, Texas should 'rethink' ERCOT's 'go it alone approach': FERC Chair Glick," Utility Dive (February 19, 2021). Meanwhile, six refineries with a capacity of about 801,000 bpd of oil have shuttered over the last two years amid the pandemic, federal data showed.In addition, five refineries with a capacity of 408,100 bpd of oil are idle, the largest number of idle refineries since 2012. 73 U.S. EIA, Eagle Ford Region Drilling Productivity Report (April 2022). 126 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2022), Tables 6.2.A, 6.2.B. 110 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Texas, Operating Nuclear Power Reactors, updated March 19, 2020. 59 U.S. EIA, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Explained, updated October 26, 2021. 130 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Texas, All fuels, Biomass (total), Wood and wood-derived fuel, Other biomass, Annual, 2021. List of oil refineries The list appears in one of their December issues. 118 U.S. Census Bureau, Texas, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel, 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 133 American Biogas Council, Biogas State Profile: Texas, updated August 7, 2015. Renewable resources provided about one-fourth of in-state electricity net generation in Texas in 2021. 116 U.S. EIA, "Extreme winter weather is disrupting energy supply and demand, particularly in Texas," Today in Energy (February 21, 2021). As of 2022, there were 130 oil refineries operating in the United States and 29 of those are found in Texas. 121 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, United States, Texas, All fuels, Conventional hydroelectric, Other renewables (total), Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Annual, 2021. Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO): Southwest Power Pool (SPP) The 31 petroleum refineries in Texas can process a combined total of almost 5.9 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day32% of the nation's refining capacity as of January 2021. Oil refiner Motiva Enterprises said it was shutting its 607,000 barrel-per-day Port Arthur, Texas, refinery, the largest in the United States. In 1999, the Texas Public Utility Commission adopted rules for the state's renewable energy mandate. Texas accounts for one-fourth of the nation's natural gas production.Nearly one-fourth of U.S. proved dry natural gas reserves and about 30 of the 100 largest natural gas fields are located, in whole or in part, in Texas.67,68 In 2021, the state produced one-fourth of the nation's natural gas. Texas exceeded the 2025 goal in 2009, mostly because of the state's wind farms.141 In January 2022, the state had more than 9,900 megawatts of utility-scale renewable capacity from sources other than wind, and, when small-scale solar is included, the state had almost 11,500 megawatts of non-wind renewable generating capacity.142 The mandate required 10,000 megawatts of renewable capacity by 2025, including 500 megawatts from resources other than wind. 84 U.S. EIA, Texas Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 1967-2021. Marathon (MPC), Valero (VLO) Refinery Shutdowns Spook Market - Bloomberg Texas generates more electricity than any other state, almost twice as much as second-place Florida. U.S. Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries 27 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C13, Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019. 59 U.S. EIA, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Explained, updated October 26, 2021. 58 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F11, Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Consumption Estimates, 2020. The 31 petroleum refineries in Texas can process a combined total of almost 5.9 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day32% of the nation's refining capacity as of January 2021. 79 U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, North American LNG Export Terminals: Existing, Approved not Yet Built, and Proposed, updated March 5, 2021. Biomass fueled about 0.3% of Texas utility-scale in-state electricity generation in 2021, more than two-thirds of it from wood or wood-derived fuels.130 The state also has a large wood pellet plant that processes wood waste into pellets. 134 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AgSTAR, Livestock Anaerobic Digester Database, accessed April 18, 2022. 132 Woodville Pellets, Pellets: Environmentally-Friendly Biofuel, accessed April 18, 2022. 67 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of December 31, 2020, Dry Natural Gas, Annual. 69 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals and Marketed Production, Annual, 2021. That plant has a capacity of about 500,000 tons per year.131,132 Texas also has several biogas facilities that recycle organic waste into renewable energy. 45 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Total Number of Operable Refineries, Annual (as of January 1), 2021. 73 U.S. EIA, Eagle Ford Region Drilling Productivity Report (April 2022). Texas' 27 refineries lead the nation in both crude oil production and refining. *Ranking is based on operating capacity. The newest refinery in the United States is the Texas International Terminals 45,000 b/cd refinery in Channelview, Texas, which was operable on January 1, 2022, but actually started operating in February, 2022. 2016-21. In February 2021, an extreme winter weather event also sharply reduced fuel ethanol production in Texas.66 The state uses more HGLs, including propane and ethane, than all other states combined.57 The industrial sector uses almost all the HGLs consumed in Texas as feedstock for the state's petrochemical industry.58,59 The transportation sector uses almost all the rest of the petroleum consumed in Texas. The result is a climate that ranges from humid and subtropical along the coast, where much of the state's population resides, to semi-arid on the high plains of central and western Texas, and arid in the state's mountainous west. The commercial and residential sectors together account for about 1% of the petroleum consumed in the state. 17 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C14, Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2018. The Texas sites have a combined storage capacity of 417 million barrels and are located in salt caverns in the state's Gulf Coast region.41 In 2021, SPR sold millions of barrels of crude oil to counter market disruptions caused, in part, by the COVID-19 pandemic.42 In 2022, SPR released more crude oil to ensure an adequate supply of petroleum in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.43 87 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Working Gas Capacity, Annual, 2020. 35 U.S. EIA, U.S. tight oil productionselected plays, 2007-2021. Texas is the nation's largest natural gas consumer, accounting for 15% of the U.S. total.89 The industrial and electric power sectors each account for almost two-fifths of state natural gas use.90 The industrial sector in Texas accounted for about 22% of the nation's total industrial sector natural gas consumption in 2020.91 The amount of natural gas used for electricity generation in Texas is greater than in any other state and accounted for about 15% of the U.S. electric power sector's total in 2020.92 Texas uses almost twice as much natural gas in the production, processing, and distribution of natural gas as is consumed in the state's commercial and residential end-use sectors combined. Reports for October 2020. Key Facts The largest oil refinery in the country, Motiva Enterprises, said freezing temperatures were behind the decision to "safely and methodically" pause operations in Port Arthur, Texas.
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