Ntuli, P. (2022). Makki, F. (2015). The Rise and Fall of Development Theory. The issue here, is that the nations do with the money what they think should be done with the money. Amin, Samir. (2012). Thus, the dominant strategy in this coordination game is to credibly commit to cooperation for collective gains. According to this analogy, a political settlement only occurs when institutions and the distribution of power result in minimal economic and political viability. Also, Johannesburg, South Africa is considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Africa with a mix of a booming population and an ever-increasing economic growth (Oluwole, 2022). Reflections on changing African political dynamics, African Affairs, Volume 103, Issue 410, January 2004, Pages 23-49, . In the struggle for access to limited resources, informal settlements have also become hotspots for xenophobic attacks. Saviors and Survivors: Darfur, Politics, and the War on Terror. In addition, Beck (1992) argues that human security is equally about freedoms from threats and risks and the said risks are increasingly becoming global in scale owing to the phenomenon of globalization. See below. This increase in the number of immigrants has become the political tool for securitizing immigrants. Project MUSE - The Postcolonial State in Africa This is an indication of the government's political will and commitment to achieve the constitutional promise of providing housing to all South African. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. For clarity of the expos, this article is divided into four parts. Routledge. Sci. endobj Colonial and Postcolonial State and Development in Africa - ResearchGate The absence of human security can be perceived as violence towards personhood or an individual. Arrighi, Giovanni. These issues stem from their roots as post-colonial nations naturally, through arbitrary borders that cause conflict, a lack of industry for professional labor and inappropriate funding designation by the recipients of foreign aid and MNC investment. Leys, Colin. (2020) argue that crime is a consequence of urban violence. http://www.oecd.org/els/mig/World-Migration-in-Figures.pdf. African Politics in Comparative Perspective. The game captures the plight of two hunters who have the option to cooperate or choose individual strategies. Berlin, February 14/26, 1885 http://istmat.info/node/27251 (accessed: 02.01.2020). Reinforcements sent to Cape Flats Gang Hotspot after Multiple Murders. African Affairs,97, 305341. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The News24 Africa Desk is supported by the Hanns Seidel . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77336-6_3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77336-6_3, eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). doi: 10.1080/00020189908707905, le Roux, A., and Napier, M. (2022). For instance, money and food politics have been instruments for vote-buying in most parts of Africa. The story of post-independence African politics has largely centered around the struggles and travails of African states. Stbere im grten eBookstore der Welt und lies noch heute im Web, auf deinem Tablet, Telefon oder E-Reader. The division also manages membership services for more than 50 scholarly and professional associations and societies. Types and functions of parties. State building efforts in post-colonial Africa have been characterized by neo-liberal dogma in the quest to build or construct state institutions for a functioning state. The African Colonial and Postcolonial States | SpringerLink Zimbabwe passes 'draconian' Patriotic Bill ahead of elections 6 0 obj 1974. Human Dev. Sci. HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service. Scholars like Chipaike and Knowledge (2018) have rebutted the accounts of Africa as a supplicant actor in inter-national relations. Once there is a quality workforce, synonymous to that of Indias, Foreign investment will come in the form of investment, not aid. 31, 7794. Mail Guardian. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Beyond this, the plight of slum dwellers has also been used as a bargaining chip to address existing political and socio-economic issues, for instance, in South Africa, the government through the constitution provides RDP houses to those considered as previously disadvantaged. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. (1998). However, an enabling environment is fundamental for the exploration and exploitation of such potentials. 56, 343363. (2020). 2007. New York: United Nations. 2015. Technology, Tradition and the State in Africa. 2013. 5 0 obj If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. Enter your library card number to sign in. Post-colonial Period in the History of Africa: Development Challenges. To build the necessary capacity, urban human security issue needs to be securitized and considered a matter of high politics. The first, from circa 1960 to the late 1970s, was a period of state-led developmentalism enabled by the long postwar boom in the world economy and the embedded liberalism of the Bretton Woods system. 1999. The Search for Africa: History, Culture, and Politics. For an extended argument on this point, see Crawford Young, The African Colonial State Books Social Media Marketing: Game Theory and the Emergence of Collaboration. Politics in Africa. 1971. The nature and condition of the African state has been perhaps the central problem of the study of African politics in post-independence times, but it has necessarily taken into account the roles and both colonial and precolonial precedents. However, as slums and informal settlements became increasingly perceived as a threat to economic growth and development, African governments adopted various strategies to remedy the problem. 21. This comes at the expense of welfarism, social cohesion, peace, security, and order within societies and states. London: Sage. Helm. 60-90 in Segregation and Apartheid in Twentieth Century South Africa, edited by William Beinart and Saul Dubow. Fieldhouse, D. K. Black Africa 19451980: Economic Decolonization & Arrested Development (London and Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1986). <>3]/P 6 0 R/Pg 52 0 R/S/Link>> (2017). International Monetary Fund (IMF). They tend to politicize access to scarce resources in exchange for political and/or personal favors such as votes. Mkandawire, Thandika and Charles C. Soludo. Available online at: https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2015/drowning_megacities/index.html, World Bank. <> endobj The paper discovered that conflicts in post-colonial Africa arises as a result of state coercive unilateralism and state partisanship. African Affairs,113(450), 123. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). The same narrative dominated Donald Trump's four-year regime in the United States. The question of african agency in international relations. Nairobi: Earthscan,. (eds). 2003. Foreign Policy magazine predicts an economy valued at $123 trillion by the year 2040. World Bank. Thus, the contributions of urban areas to the overall development of post-colonial Africa remains a hotly contested topic in academia and policy spaces. endstream Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania. Also, using descriptive statistics, an overview of urbanization and human security trends are provided. African Colonial States Washington, D.C.: World Bank. The share of urban population living in slum households and informal settlement reflects the quality of living standards in urban areas across the globe (Ritchie and Roser, 2018). Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. PDF Africa's international borders as potential sources of con ict and Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. J. Dev. 1983. Princeton University Press. While cities and towns (urban areas) are crucial to bolstering economic activities, they are equally perceived as the scene for social and economic problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press. On the other hand, some scholars highlight the varying interpretations of vote buying across religious, ethnic, and cultural lines (Auyero, 1999; Mohammed, 2020). The first section examines how Europeans imagined Africa. Similarly, the absence of informal settlements to prey on for votes would have serious implications on politics and elections in Africa. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Area Boys A Growing Menance on the Streets of Lagos. For Africa, infrastructure is deemed instrumental/fundamental to economic growth and prosperity through the increased movement of commodities and people from one jurisdiction to another. While there exist many definitions and contestations on what constitutes human security, a prominent feature is that the concept prioritizes the security of individuals, communities and groups over state actors. Meijer, Eric. 1. The state is still liable in the provision of the necessary environment to foster/enable human security, nonetheless. 38 0 obj Unable to display preview. Vote-buying is the direct exchange of benefit and material goods by the political elites to propel electoral support. Tomich, Dale W. 2004. The Politics of Land Reform in Africa: From Communal Tenure to Free Markets. Cooper, Frederick. While noting the importance of member state buy-in, other challenges emerge namely coordination problems, structural violence, competing external development agenda for Africa, and the challenges of policy implementation. UN-Habitat. 1993. Prevailing designs for building prosperous, viable, stable states have changed markedly over sub-Saharan Africas first half-century of independence through reliance upon various hypothesized keys to overcoming fundamental and endemic manifestations of political and economic underdevelopment. Abstract . The discriminatory nature of service delivery perpetuated by the state through its parastatals fuel urban human security crises. Thus, the higher the number of slum dwellers, the lower the quality of living becomes thereby threatening human security. It also creates a natural rift in everyday life, from education to culture and even language. Prog. Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. 11, 217228. http://www.spectrezine.org/Africa/ErikAfrica.htm (accessed April 26, 2012). No. At the lowest level, better access to education must be provided. Fanon, Frantz, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1968). When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. Arrighi, Giovanni. Cambridge: Blackwell/Polity Press. The obsession with infrastructure being necessary for economic development arguably undercuts the social implications of such infrastructures. About the APRM. (n.d.). This, among other issues, is a cause for lacking development. https://doi.org/10.2307/723213. African Development Bank. The Gautrain Rapid Rail Project is Africa's first rapid rail network that connects the city of Tshwane/Pretoria, Johannesburg, and the OR Tambo International Airport. 2nd ed. 33 0 obj It aims to provide post-pandemic recovery to low- and middle-income developing countries in key areas like climate change, health security, digital technology, gender fairness and equality (Huiyao, 2021). Currently, the transport system in South Africa reflects continued inequality across income, class, and racial lines. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 2010. The Geography of the World Economy. London: Fairtrade Foundation. Third world politics. 2006. Herbst, Jeffrey. doi: 10.1023/A:1006905214896. The prevailing African state, in all African countries, is an implant from the European countries whose colony each African country was. doi: 10.1177/0967010611419000, Ho, U. In the past, only the richest and most powerful families received quality educations. Berry, Sara. Domestic workers, gardeners, handy-man services are provided by slum dwellers to rich-middle class counterparts in the core urban centers. Towards the end of last year, the Taureg claimed their land by capturing strategic cities and fronts and declaring independence. endobj Countries of Africa 2002. Post Colonial Development in Africa - Foreign Policy Journal Lynne Rienner. 1990. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. As Guzzini (2011, p. 330) argues, security is understood not through its substance but through its performance. For instance, the pre-pandemic (COVID-19) world was wrought with discourses on the securitization of migration. Confronting the African Tragedy. New Left Review I/204: 33-47. The promise of theories of just securitization, in Ethical Security Studies: A New Research Agenda, eds J. Nyman and A. Burke (Routledge). The Black Mans Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. Post-Colonial Africa and the World Economy: The Long Waves of Uneven Development. 573/2008. The glaring dichotomy between rich and poor incentivizes violence and crime, further undermining human security and hampering attempts at overall growth and development. Transnatl. Through the Prism of Slavery: Labor, Capital and the World Economy. African countries in modern international relations: New frontiers. Abramova, I. O., & Fituni, L. L. (2015). International relations in contemporary Africa. McMichael, Philip. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. 44 0 obj Postcolonial Sub-Saharan African Politics - African Studies - Oxford Overview of Politics in the Post-Colonial Era African politics in the postcolonial era has been marred by authoritarianism, corruption, military intervention, and leadership failures amidst a broader socioeconomic crisis characterized by poverty. (Eds.). The Postcolonial State in Africa - Google Books doi: 10.1080/19186444.2020.1795527. Lucas (2011) posits that historically, transportation has been a site for class and race struggles in South Africa. of every five African states were regarded as democracies.1 Clapham's, inter alia, observations on the continent are somewhat contrary to this, "The architecture of post colonial Africa is still unfolding, with much of it already in place. For instance, the proposed African Integrated High-Speed Railway network proposed by the African Union Development Agency-NEPAD (AUDA) seeks to revive, expand and modernize railway as an affordable form of transport, connecting various cities while establishing Trans-Africa Beltways (African Union, n.d). 1999. Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS), Bonn: International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. Emperor Haile Selassie (I) and the Organization of African Unity (Devoted to the 50th Anniversary of the African Union). Khan (2010) defines political settlements as the social order determined by political compromises between powerful groups in society, which shapes the context for institutional and other types of policies. According to the Urban Safety Reference Group, the interlinked dynamics of urbanization, marginalization, and poor social and physical environments increase the likelihood of crime and violence (South African Cities Network, 2016).
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