former presiding bishops of cogic

[29], Bishop Louis Henry Ford of Chicago, Illinois, was elected after the death of J.O. Drew Sheard. He was a speaker at the Democratic National Conventions first Ecumenical Service where he eloquently, challenged all to protect the unborn by advocating pro-life. In November 1975, at the National Holy Convocation in Memphis, TN., with the consent of the General Board, Bishop Carlis Moody Sr. of Evanston, Illinois, was appointed by Bishop J. O. Patterson to be president of the Department of Home and Foreign Missions. According to the press release, The COGIC General Assembly, the legislat Vice President of COGIC World Missions-Supervisor Sideary King. COGIC licensed female evangelists may also serve as chaplains in military, federal, state, and local institutions requiring chaplains. [39], COGIC is a trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal denomination. C. P. Jones was elected the General Overseer, C. H. Mason was selected as Overseer of Tennessee, and J. Military chaplains have also been instrumental in spreading COGIC through military installations. As Senior Pastor of the 26,000 member, West Angeles Church of God In Christ in Los Angeles, California, Bishop Blakes leadership is positively impacting lives and enhancing the community through the work of the many ministries offered. . After graduating from high school, he matriculated to Wayne State University, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in education and a Master of Education degree in mathematics. President, International Department of Evangelism Evangelist Gary Sprewell, Elect Lady, International Department of Evangelism . The former Detroit-based math teacher was elected as the new presiding bishop over the largest Pentecostal denomination in the country in March. On May 19, 1952, he added Bishop J. O. Patterson Sr. In 1951, the first separate National Sunday School Convention convened in Kansas City, Missouri. Originally, this gathering of the 'Saints' lasted for twenty days, from November 25 to December 14. "[92], Elder Carter was attempting to address members of COGIC as to sexual misconduct, and specifically, homosexual practices. After being ejected for accepting these new Pentecostal teachings, Mason called a meeting in Memphis later in the year and reorganized the Church of God in Christ as a Holiness-Pentecostal body. Bishop Blake is married to Lady Mae Lawrence Blake. After being removed from the office of Senior Bishop, he remained the Jurisdictional Bishop of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania until his death in 1972. In her brief tenure, she encouraged the women to stay focused and supportive to the leadership of the church. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. African-American parents sent their children to this school from across the United States, especially those who had grown up in Mississippi and knew its reputation. General Treasurer Bishop Charles Harrison Mason Patterson Sr.. Financial Secretary Bishop Frank A. COGIC policies and bylaws have also been established regarding sexual misconduct of COGIC clergy and laymembers for disciplinary purposes. Today COGIC operates the All Saints Bible College in Memphis, the C. H. Mason system of bible colleges, and the C. H. Mason Theological Seminary in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Mattie McGlothen (19751994) the fourth General Supervisor, was a tremendous organizer with great impact on the development of the Women's Department. Mason was given authority to lead the new denomination. Pastor Dennis Martin and Superintendent Willie James Campbell succeeded Bishop White as presidents. For a brief period of time, the YPWW Congress was combined with the Sunday School Congress in a joint convention until 1951. This came on the heels of former Presiding Bishop Charles Edward Blake Sr.'s October 2020 announcement that he would not seek reelection. The fastest growing areas include Nigeria, South Africa, Brazil, and India. Vice President of COGIC World Missions-Bishop Nate' M. Jefferson. However, his out-spoken criticism of the racial prejudice and discrimination of whites led most, if not all of them, to leave his church for other ministries where the message against racism was not so obvious and offensive to them. At the start of the new millennium, then COGIC presiding Bishop Gilbert Earl Patterson, continued to support the advancement of civil rights. The first general secretary of COGIC was Elder William B. Holt, a white minister. Bishop Blake is an ardent advocate of education and academic excellence, who holds multiple academic and honorary degrees, from various educational institutions. Her predecessor was Evangelist Dr. Rita Womack of Los Angeles, California. In looking to COGIC'S future, Presiding Bishop Charles E. Blake, Sr., senior pastor of West Angeles Church of God in Christ in Los Angeles, announced last year that he would not seek-re-election . Owens continued to serve as a jurisdictional bishop and member of the General Board until his death in 2011. He served on the trustee board for 12 years and has served on the general board for eight years. Bishop J.W. As a result, the general board exercises great authority over the church. [48] COGIC clergy are also encouraged to have a certain degree of training in marriage counseling as well. He was recognized in Washington, D. C. by President Barack Obama in 2009 and invited to serve on the White House Advisory, Council on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships. Furthermore, the new constitution created the office of the presiding bishop and a general board of twelve bishops and defined their responsibilities. The presiding bishop is part of a general board, consisting of eleven other bishops elected by a general assembly consisting of pastors, elders, chaplains, bishops, missionaries, supervisors, and designated lay delegates. Bishop Jones was the only living bishop of the five original bishops consecrated by Bishop Mason. [27], Several bishops disagreed with the new organizational structure; they severed ties with COGIC to start their own organizations. The current Presiding Bishop is Bishop John Drew Sheard Sr., who is the Senior Pastor of the Greater Emmanuel Institutional Church of God in Christ of Detroit, Michigan. The racial climate in the post WWI years, when there was high competition for jobs and housing and violent unrest in many cities in 1919, would not sustain this relationship. Young were appointed as a committee by C. P. Jones to investigate reports of a revival in Los Angeles, California that was being led by an itinerant preacher named William J. Seymour. The church has more than 3,000 churches in Asia, and 2,000 churches in the Caribbean and South America. Drew Sheard who was elected in 2021. More:J. Salvation is an operation of the Holy Spirit upon sinners brought about by repentance toward God, which brings about conversion, faith, justification, and regeneration. Amen. In 2015, after more than 40 years of faithful service, Bishop Carlis L. Moody was emeritized as Bishop of Missions. Desiring to learn more about the work of the Holy Spirit in the church, C. H. Mason, J. During the tenure of Bishop J. O. Patterson Sr. as Presiding Bishop in the 1970s and 80s, Bishop Patterson established several interdenominational Christian schools and seminaries, and helped to establish the World Fellowship of Black Pentecostal Churches and gained COGIC membership in the Congress of National Black Churches as well, a national caucus of Black church denominations that represent different denominations and organizations of the Black Church in America. "[90] This excerpt of Elder Carter's sermon went viral throughout social media and was picked up by major television news broadcasts. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth largest Protestant religious denomination in the United States, the largest Pentecostal church in the country and the second largest Pentecostal organization in the world with churches in 60 countries worldwide and an estimated membership of nearly 6.5 million members. Known for the achievements of her students and school alumni, she had also served during these years, by invitation and appointment, on national federal commissions and with noted African-American women's groups. Drew Sheard, Sr. as Presiding Bishop on March 20, 2021. Presiding Bishop Emeritus of the Church of God in Christ, Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America, "COGIC Re-Elects Presiding Bishop Charles E. Blake Sr. as Leader - Afro", "PRESS RELEASE: Presiding Bishop Charles E. Blake, Sr. Will Not Seek Reelection", "Why the Power of the Black Church Matters This Election", "Whitehouse.gov - Inaugural Advisory Council: Office of Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships", Succession of Church of God in Christ Leaders, Historically African-American Christian denominations, First African Baptist Church (Richmond, Virginia), First African Baptist Church (Savannah, Georgia). For the Anabaptist denomination, see, The official seal of the COGIC features a sheaf of wheat representing the members of the COGIC. [47] COGIC regards homosexuality, infidelity, and any other forms of sexual immorality that does not agree with Biblical scripture as sinful. Bishop Blake led the COGIC to become a greater global ministry, primarily in Africa and Latin America, while at the same time investing in the inner cities where many COGIC congregations are located. Battles served as president until his death in December 1996. Welcome to the Official Church Of God In Christ, Inc Online Store Dismiss. [50], In July 2016 during their annual Auxiliaries in Ministries convention, COGIC announced their Urban Initiative Outreach ministries and Missions and Charity departments would be partnering up with The Human Coalition, an anti-abortion advocacy group, from 2016 to 2019 for a three-year initiative to encourage COGIC pastors and ministers to encourage anti-abortion advocacy in their local churches. In Chicago, Ford organized voter registration initiatives. Bishop Carlis Moody immediately began to reorganize the Missions Department, giving new guidelines. In 1982, Patterson led COGIC in its Diamond Jubilee, in a celebration of the International Holy Convocation. Later in 1897, while in Little Rock, Arkansas, C. H. Mason stated that God had given him such a name for the group, the "Church of God in Christ". Patterson in March 2007. Patterson established protocols of worship, policy and practices. Bishop Charles E. Blake, as the Presiding Bishop of the COGIC from the late 2000s up to the 2010s, was also dedicated to increasing and maintaining stable ecumenical relationships from the COGIC with other diverse Christian denominations, most notably Pentecostal/Charismatic churches, Baptist churches, African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Churches, and A.M.E. Zion churches, and even some non-denominational Christian ministries for the purposes of ministry efforts and collaborating on addressing social issues that affect Christians and specifically the Black Church in America, most notably through his Urban Initiatives program. [21], In 1907, there were ten COGIC churches, but by the time of Bishop Mason's death in 1961, COGIC had spread to every state in the United States and to many foreign countries. In 1988, he was installed as Pastor of Greater Emmanuel Church. B. McEwen, Bishop J. S. Bailey, and Bishop O. M. Kelly as his assistants. In 1924, the Sunday School was formally organized under "Father" F. C. Christmas (19161944). In 1964 however, disagreement between the authority of the Senior Bishop and the executive board, led by Bishop A. [29] COGIC continued to grow and in 1973, the church claimed a worldwide membership of nearly three million. The Department of Evangelism was officially organized on a national level by Overseer L.C. Bishop Sedgwick Daniels Board member (2008present). He accepted his call into the ministry in 1956. "Bishop Mason was one who lifted African Americans who were former slaves and the children of slaves, lifted them up from the degradation of slavery, ex-slavery, the brokenness of poverty,". He was pastor of the Pentecostal Temple Institutional COGIC in Memphis, Tennessee, and was the Presiding Prelate of the Tennessee Headquarters Jurisdiction. They have two children, Kierra Kelly and John Drew Sheard, II, one son-in-love, Jordan Kelly, and two grandchildren. [citation needed] Bishop Ford is credited with inviting President Bill Clinton, a personal friend, to speak to the Eighty-Sixth International Holy Convocation on November 13, 1993. Many mainline denominations and countless nondenominational churches that once rejected these beliefs and practices have adopted these distinctions in their worship liturgy and lifestyle practices. COGIC considers any physical, sexual relationship outside of the sanctity of marriage to be outside of the sovereign will of God and unbiblical. Mother Willie Mae Rivers served faithfully for 20 years as General Mother until 2017 and the age of 91. Since 2007, Ebony has recognized Bishop Blake annually, as one of its 100+ most influential African Americans. During World War I, the FBI opened a file on Bishop Mason and conducted surveillance on him because of his pacifism during the war. It is one of the largest gathering of Christian women from any major denomination and religious organization. Mason Theological Seminary to train its ministers and ministry leaders. The early pioneers of this newly formed Holiness-Pentecostal body in 1907 were E. R. Driver, J. Bowe, R. R. Booker, R. E. Hart, W. Welsh, A. Mother Lillian Coffey appointed Mother Reatha Herndon as president of the National Women's Evangelist Board in 1951. Built in the 1940s during World War II, the nearly 4000-seat building was the largest church auditorium of any African-American religious group in the United States. As has been stated, COGIC does not ordain women as elder or bishop, however, COGIC would not have become the largest predominately African-American Pentecostal church in the world, nor have the largest Women's convention of any major denomination without the contributions of women. Today COGIC has more than 12,000 churches, and several schools, missions, and medical clinics in more than eighty nations, including every inhabited continent. [46], COGIC teaches that the baptism of the Holy Ghost or Holy Spirit is an experience subsequent to conversion and sanctification, can be experienced by all believers who ask for it. The COGIC has always had a long history with Christian ecumenism, partnering up with and collaborating with other Christian churches and denominations for the purposes of advancing ministry and charity efforts, both in the United States, and globally in foreign countries as well. William B. Holt was appointed as General Superintendent. It teaches that sanctification should precede the baptism with the Holy Spirit. For many years, West Angeles has been one of the fastest growing churches in the United States and remains the largest COGIC local congregation with a membership of 25,000. In 1915, after years of court litigation over the name of the organization and use of the name "Church of God in Christ" by the two groups; Mason's group was granted the use of the name and Jones's group organized a legally chartered Holiness body called the Church of Christ (Holiness) U.S.A.[14], After moving to Memphis, Tennessee, Bishop Mason established a local congregation called Temple COGIC. Upon his return to Jackson, Mississippi, Mason faced opposition when he recounted his experience. Bishop Carter came into holiness in 1952 at the Jones Avenue Church of God in Christ, under the leadership of the late Bishop George Briley. COGIC also teaches that all the spiritual gifts are for believers today. Jurisdictions range in size between 30 and 100 churches. In April 2018, Presiding Bishop Charles Blake along with Lee Saunders, Andrew Young, DeMaurice Smith, and Brian Dunn coordinated the "I AM 2018 Mountaintop Conference" at the historic Mason Temple in Memphis to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. COGIC believes marriage is a monogamous sacred, civil, and legal union between a husband and wife that is recognized as a covenant between them and God for the purpose of the couple being a helpmate to each other and raising a family together. The school enjoyed its greatest growth and success under the leadership of Dr. Arenia Conella Mallory (19041977). We believe the Bible to be the inspired and only infallible written Word of God. COGIC teaches that according to the Word of God, there will be final events and conditions that address the end of this present age of the world. However, he said in his remarks that he did not want to use the word "retirement" as he said, "he would still be worshiping and fellowshiping with the saints of God in worship services, and that he would still be around for anyone who needs pastoral and fatherly counseling, prayer, and mentorship,"but added that he would no longer be carrying out his official duties as senior pastor of the church, and that he would "continue to serve the Lord Jesus Christ and serve the ministries of West Angeles however the Lord leads me and however you all may need me as the Lord sees fit and allows me to live on, so consider myself as semi-retired."[sic]. COGIC clergy do not officially sanction or recognize same-sex relationships to be united in marriage and the denomination at-large discourages same-sex relationships as unbiblical and immoral. As African Americans migrated north and west to industrial cities during the Great Migration, he began to establish COGIC churches in the north and, especially after 1940, in the west. Patterson Sr. in 1989. The Voice of Missions a bimonthly magazine, John Seth Bailey#, general board member, jurisdictional bishop, Michigan Southwest Jurisdiction; pastor, Bailey Cathedral, Detroit, MI, Elmer Elijah Cleveland#, jurisdictional bishop, Northern California Jurisdiction, pastor, Ephesians, Oakland, CA, Bishop David Willard Grayson, Sr#, Jurisdictional Bishop of Maine, Founding Jurisdictional Bishop of Eastern New York Fourth, David Daniels, educator, professor, auxiliary bishop, James Logan Delk#, politician, pastor, First, Hopkinsville, KY, James Louis Felton, auxiliary bishop, pastor, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, PA, James Neaul Haynes#, general board member, jurisdictional bishop, Texas Northeast First Jurisdiction; pastor, Saintsville, Dallas, TX, Roderick Hennings, author, auxiliary bishop, pastor, Zion Dominion Global Ministries, Amherst, NY, William Morgan James#, general board member, jurisdictional bishop, Ohio North First Jurisdiction, pastor, St. James, Toledo, OH and James Temple, Cincinnati, OH, Orzo Thurston Jones Jr.#, general board member, jurisdictional bishop, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Jurisdiction; pastor, Holy Temple, Philadelphia, PA, Otha Miema Kelly#, general board member, jurisdictional bishop, Eastern New York First Jurisdiction; pastor, Kelly Temple, Harlem, NY, Otis Lockett#, church planter, jurisdictional bishop, North Carolina Second Jurisdiction, pastor, Evangel Word Fellowship, Greensboro, NC, George Dallas McKinney#, scholar, general board member, jurisdictional bishop, Southern California Second Jurisdiction; pastor, St. Stephen's Cathedral, San Diego, CA, S.E. Superintendent, International Sunday School Department Superintendent Mark Ellis. When the COGIC was first founded by Bishop Mason in the 1910s, he wanted the denomination to have ecumenical relationships with other predominantly Black Methodist and Baptist churches, but many of them were unwilling to do so at the time because of Mason's controversial history with being expelled from his former Baptist ministry associations and churches in Mississippi for preaching sanctification and Pentecostalism. COGIC members gathered for praying, fasting, teaching, preaching, fellowship and conducting business related to the national COGIC organization. Mason as General Overseer and Chief Apostle. This endorsement allows female chaplains who are serving in the military, working in an institution or jails to perform religious services including funerals and weddings. Coffey was a child convert to COGIC under the preaching of Bishop Mason, and was influential in organizing many of the auxiliaries, bands, and units that exist within the COGIC Women's Department. In 1968, COGIC established the C.H. [19], Mason continued to travel across the nation preaching and establishing COGIC churches. He was a lifelong member of the. Driver, who was the overseer of California and pastor of the Saints Home COGIC led an interracial congregation made up of many Blacks, Whites, and Latinos, for many years. [13], Although the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) began earlier, it is still the case that in 1907, with ten congregations, The Church of God in Christ became the first legally chartered Pentecostal body incorporated in the United States. Mallory retired in 1976 after fifty years of service; and she had a national reputation. [96][97][98][99], This article is about the Holiness Pentecostal denomination. However, in 1996, the umbrella format was revised under the administration of Bishop C.D. [36], In 2022, it was present in 112 countries in 2022. He is also known for his aggressive initiative, "Save Africa's Children" which supports hundreds of African children who have been affected by HIV/AIDS in orphanages in several countries in Africa. Church mothers have historically served as the leader of the women's ministries in the local congregations. Factions developed within the organization as both the senior bishop and Bishop A. On June 5, 1951, he selected Bishop A. Secretary of the General Council of Pastors and Elders Superintendent Prince W. Bryant, II. As the church continued to grow, she created women auxiliaries including the Purity Class and the Sunshine Band. Deaconess Missionaries serve and assist in the ceremonial and temporal affairs of the local church. [31], Bishop Ford also renovated several COGIC structures in Memphis, including Mason Temple. In November 2012, Bishop Blake was re-elected again to serve a four-year term as the Presiding Bishop. In 1982, he was selected by Ebony magazine as one of the 15 "Greatest Preachers in America". Overseer E.R. He self-identifies as Bishop/CEO of his newly organized fellowship called the 7000 Club (not to be confused with The 700 Club from Pat Robertson). Patterson appointed Dr. Edward Lee Battles President of the Department of Evangelism. In 1933, he set apart five overseers to the Office of Bishop in the church, the first five bishops of COGIC. The church believes that women are gifted and called to ministry; it does not, however, officially ordain women to the office of elder, pastor, or bishop. During the 1990s, President Bill Clinton was invited by then COGIC Presiding Bishop, Louis Henry Ford to attend the International Holy Convocation. There seemed no prospect of an integrated Pentecostal movement under the leadership of an African-American such as C. H. The YPWW department began in 1928 with the convening of its first Youth Congress. They are fallen angels who joined Satan in his failed attempt to usurp power in Heaven. Elect Lady, International Department of Missions Mother Maddaline Norfleet. Many Holiness Christian groups and fellowships forming at the time wanted biblical names for their local churches and fellowships, such as "Church of God, Church of Christ, or Church of the Living God". [60] Units added during her tenure as general supervisor were the: business and Professional Women's Federation, Rescue Squad, Sunday School Representatives Unit, United Sisters of Charity, National Secretaries Unit, and the Jr. Missionaries. Presiding Bishop J. His pastor and mentor was Bishop F. D. Washington of Brooklyn, NY. Well-known gospel musicians with COGIC roots include; Andrae Crouch and Sandra Crouch, Walter Hawkins and Edwin Hawkins, Tramaine Hawkins, Rubenstein McClure, Yvette Flunder, Sara Jordan Powell, Daryl Coley, BeBe and CeCe Winans, The Winans, "Detroit" Gary Wiggins, John P. Kee, The O'Neal Twins, Vanessa Bell Armstrong, Rance Allen, Rev. Other leaders of the Youth Department who leader became influential leaders of the church included: Bishop F.D. Bishop Sheard is a former mathematics teacher and . [4] He was reelected to a third term as Presiding Bishop on November 15, 2016. Bishop Owens led the COGIC in its centennial celebration in 1997 with the theme, "Holiness, a Proven Foundation for a Promising Future!" By 1906, the church had grown to nearly 100 congregations in three states. Christ is the Head of the church, and He is the only mediator between God and humanity, and there is no salvation in any other. [53], In 1965, during the March to Selma, a young COGIC minister Charles E. Blake, (previous COGIC Presiding Bishop) was studying at the Interdenominational Theological Center (ITC) in Atlanta, GA. As a compassionate advocate for the advancement of Gods Kingdom, he is committed to accomplishing Gods agenda as both a leader and a laborer, reaping a harvest of souls. In 1969, he was asked by his father and by Southern California COGIC bishop, Bishop Samuel M. Crouch, to take over as the pastor of the West Angeles Church of God in Christ. In 2009 he was appointed as a member of Barack Obama's Inaugural Advisory Council of the Office of Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships where he served for one year on the council. COGIC does not teach that Spirit baptism is the same as salvation. Patterson, former presiding bishop of the Church of God In Christ.. Thereafter, missionaries were sent to Africa and the islands of the Caribbean, Asia, and elsewhere. Chairman of the National Judiciary Board Bishop Martin Luther Johnson. Music Dept. He began production of the YPWW Quarterly Topics to train the youth of the COGIC in the faith, doctrine, and polity of the church. 1st Assistant Presiding Bishop Bishop Jerry W. Macklin. Adelle M. Banks. One of her contributions was to divide the women's fellowship in the local congregations into two groups: The Christian Women's Council for the middle aged and senior women, and the Young Women's Christian Council (YWCC) for the younger women. [5] He officially retired on March 19, 2021, and was succeeded by Bishop J. [94][95], After the November 2016 COGIC Holy Convocation, Carter left the COGIC denomination because Blake had been re-elected as the Presiding Bishop. Bishop Charles E. Blake Sr., Presiding Bishop Emeritus of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), the largest Black Christian denomination in the country with a membership of 6.5 million, and an international statesman and humanitarian, has been named to the National Advisory Panel of The PuLSE Institute (Institute for Public Leadership and Social Equity), The designated church mother along with other "older and seasoned" women of the church provided the practical teaching of holiness in daily life and practice. In April 2018, Bishop Blake led COGIC in partnership with American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis to continue to struggle for civil rights in the 21st Century. [7] The leadership of the Mississippi State Convention of the National Baptist Convention intervened and expelled Jones, Mason, and others who embraced the Wesleyan teaching of entire sanctification. Bishop Blake led COGIC through the death of G. E. Patterson while preparing the church for its 100th Holy Convocation; an important milestone for the church. They were given the authority through a "gentlemen's agreement" to license ministers and establish churches under the COGIC name. President, International Music Department Dr. Myron Williams, General Assembly and Call Meeting (April) Memphis, General Council of Pastors and Elders (May), International Women's Crusade and Convention (May), Auxiliaries in Ministry (AIM) Conference (July), Bishop Mason's Birthday/Founder's Celebration (September), International Holy Convocation and General Assembly (November), Mother Lizzie Woods Robinson first general supervisor (19111945), Mother Lillian Brooks Coffey second general supervisor and founding president of the Women's International Convention (19461964), Mother Annie L. Bailey third general supervisor (19641975), Mother Mattie McGlothen fourth general supervisor (19751994), Mother Emma F. Crouch fifth general supervisor (19941997), Mother Willie Mae Rivers sixth general supervisor (19972017), Mother Barbara McCoo Lewis seventh general supervisor (2017present), Evangelist Emily Bram Bibby#, longest-serving national female evangelist, Missionary Pearl Paige Brown#, foreign missionary. In 2000 at the Ninety-Third International Holy Convocation, the COGIC General Assembly elected Bishop Gilbert Earl Patterson to replace Owens as Presiding Bishop.

What Percent Of Texas Is Christian, Silly Solly's Opening Hours, Craving Cattle Steakhouse, Scranton Police Scanner Live, Bumps After Ultherapy, Articles F